Transcript Circulatory System - Ch 10-1 Notes - power point

10-1 Notes
The Circulatory System
Chapter 10, Lesson 1
PART 2 of 2
The Circulatory System
• Oxygen, food, other nutrients,
and waste products are
transported to and from cells by
blood.
The Circulatory System
• The circulatory system contains
the heart and blood vessels,
and transports blood throughout
the body.
Blood
• Blood is a tissue that contains
many different substances,
including cells.
Blood
• Blood is 55% plasma.
– Plasma is 90% water.
– The remaining 10% is ions,
proteins, and other substances.
transport oxygen with iron-containing
proteins called hemoglobin
help transport carbon dioxide
defense and immunity
fragments of cells in blood
clotting to stop bleeding
Heart
• The heart is the organ
of the circulatory
system that pumps
blood.
Heart
• The atria (singular,
atrium) are the two
upper chambers of the
heart that receive
blood.
Heart
• The ventricles are the
two lower chambers
that pump blood out of
the heart.
Heart
• Deoxygenated
blood (blood
whose oxygen
has been used
up) travels from
the right atrium to
the right ventricle,
the lungs, the left
atrium, the left
ventricle, and to
the body.
Heart
Blood’s Pathway:
• right atrium
• right ventricle
• lungs
• left atrium
• left ventricle
• body
Heart
Blood Vessels
• Blood travels to and from the
heart in vessels.
Blood Vessels
• Arteries are vessels that carry
blood Away from the heart to
organs of the body.
Blood Vessels
• Arteries branch into smaller
vessels called capillaries,
which deliver oxygen and
nutrients to the organs.
Blood Vessels
• The capillaries
transport carbon
dioxide and wastes,
then join with larger
vessels that carry the
blood on its return path.
Blood Vessels
• These vessels connect
to larger vessels called
veins that carry blood
to the heart.
Blood Vessels
• All blood vessels have the
same structure:
– Inner lining: thin, flat layer of cells
where the blood and the vessel
wall meet
Blood Vessels
• All blood vessels have the
same structure:
– Next layer: connective tissue
followed by a layer of smooth
muscle
Blood Vessels
• All blood vessels have the
same structure:
– Final layer: connective tissue that
contains nerves and supplies the
larger vessels with nutrients
Pulmonary - Circulatory System Gas
Exchange
• The two systems
must exchange
oxygen (in) for
carbon dioxide
(out).
• Air in the alveoli
and blood in the
capillaries trade
oxygen for carbon
dioxide easily.
Pulmonary - Circulatory System Gas
Exchange
• No energy is required to trade
oxygen for carbon dioxide.
• These two gases move from an
area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration.
Pulmonary - Circulatory System Gas
Exchange
• Alveoli are surrounded by
capillaries.
• When the level of carbon
dioxide in your lungs becomes
too high, you exhale without
thinking.
Pulmonary - Circulatory System Gas
Exchange
• Respiration and breathing are
not the same.
– Respiration uses oxygen and food
to produce energy.
– Breathing is the physical process
of inhalation and exhalation.
Problems in Circulatory System
• Circulatory system problems
prevent oxygen from reaching
cells and can lead to health
problems and death.
Problems in Circulatory System
• Cardiovascular diseases are
the diseases of the heart and
blood vessels.
Problems in Circulatory System
• Cardiovascular disease causes
more than half the deaths in the
U.S.
Problems in Circulatory System
• Risk factors include:
– being overweight
– a diet high in saturated fat and
cholesterol
– smoking
– high blood sugar
– physical inactivity
– consuming too much alcohol
Problems in Circulatory System
• A heart attack occurs if the
coronary arteries cannot supply
enough blood to the heart.
Problems in Circulatory System
• A stroke is the death of brain
tissue.
Problems in Circulatory System
• Family history, or genetics,
partially determines your risk.
• However, a healthy lifestyle is
the best way to prevent
cardiopulmonary problems.
10.1 The PulmonaryCirculatory System
What type of blood vessels carry
blood away from the heart to organs
of the body?
A arteries
B capillaries
C veins
D ventricles
10.1 The PulmonaryCirculatory System
What is the term for the ironcontaining proteins in red blood
cells?
A platelets
B plasma
C hemoglobin
D ions
What term describes fragments of
cells in your blood?
A white blood cells
B hemoglobin
C platelets
D plasma
Which is not a risk factor for heart
disease?
A smoking
B physical activity
C high blood sugar
D being overweight
SCI 5.b
What occurs if coronary arteries
cannot supply enough blood to the
heart?
A stroke
B heart attack
C asthma
D pneumonia
SCI 5.b
What is the name of the smallest
blood vessels?
A veins
B alveoli
C arteries
D capillaries
SCI 6.j
Where does blood from the lungs
go to?
A right atrium
B left atrium
C right ventricle
D left ventricle