Transcript Human Reproductive System

Heart Laboratory
Circulatory System
Organs and Cells
Organization and Functions
Circulatory System
• Heart
4 chambers: 2 atria + 2 ventricles
– Blood flow regulated by valves:
2 atrioventricular + 2 semilunar
• Blood Vessels
– arteries and veins
– arterioles and venules
– capillaries
The Evolution of the Vertebrate Heart
(a) Fish Gill
(b) “Herptiles”
Capillaries
Lung
Capillaries
Ventricle
(c) Mammals,
Birds Lung
Capillaries
Atria
Atriu
m
Ventricle
Body Capillaries
Body Capillaries
Ventricles
Body Capillaries
Aorta
Superior
Vena Cava
(from upper body)
Pulmonary Artery
(to right lung)
Pulmonary Veins
(from right lung)
Right
Atrium
Atrioventricular
Valve
Right Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
(from lower body)
Human Heart
Pulmonary Artery
(to left lung)
Pulmonary Veins
(from left lung)
Left Atrium
Atrioventricular
Valve
Left
Ventricle
Semilunar
Valves
Descending Aorta
(to lower body)
The Cardiac Cycle
Oxygenated
blood from lungs
Deoxygenated
blood to lungs
Heart Relaxes;
atria fill passively
Oxygenated
Deoxygenated
blood from body blood to body
Atria Contract
Ventricles Contract
Structure of the Heart
Three Layers of tissue
Endocardium- lining
Myocardium- muscle
Pericardium- outside
Layers of Heart Tissue
Fibrous
pericardium
Visceral
pericardium
The Structure of Cardiac Muscle
Blood Flow to the Heart
Coronary Arteries and Veins
Two views of coronary arteries and veins
The Heart’s Pacemaker
and Its Connections
Sinoatrial (SA)
Node
Atrioventricular
(AV) Node
SA Node = pacemaker
Excitable
Fibers
AV Node receives
signals from SA node,
sends signal through
excitable fibers for
ventricles to beat
simultaneously
Heart Function
Atrioventricular
Valves Close
“lubb” sound
Semilunar
Valves Close
“dup” sound
Atria
Contract
Ventricles
Relax
Atria
Relax
Ventricles
Contract
Heartbeat
visualized
with ECG
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure =
Systolic pressure
Diastolic pressure
Systolic: pressure during
ventricular contraction
Diastolic: pressure during
ventricular relaxation
Precapillary
Sphincters
Capillaries
•Arteries carry
blood away
from the heart
Veins carry
blood back to
the heart
Arteriole
Venule
Connective
Tissue
Muscle
ConnectiveTissue
Artery
Endothelium
Vein
Structures and
Interconnections
of Blood Vessels
Blood Return Through Veins
• Skeletal muscles
help return blood
to the heart
• Valves prevent
back-flow
Blood Components
Plasma is the fluid
portion of blood.
Platelets initiate
blood clotting
Lipid Carriers distribute
triglycerides and cholesterol.
LDL = low density lipoprotein
delivers cholesterol
HDL= high density lipoprotein
returns cholesterol to
liver for destruction
White blood cells
defend against invaders
Red blood cells
carry oxygen
Functions of Blood
•
•
•
•
Supplies nutrients
Removes wastes
Equalizes temperature
Transports hormones and antibodies
Diseases
•
•
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•
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Stroke
Heart Attack
Worksheet
• Complete pages 137-138 from lab
manual
• Be sure your instructor checks your
completed worksheet before you
leave the lab