Transcript Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System The Heart

Anatomy of the
Cardiovascular
System
The Heart

Roughly the size of a
person’s closed fist

Full size at about age 25

Tall, thin individuals tend
to have a long heart and
short, stocky individuals
tend to have a wide
heart.
Coverings of the Heart

Covered by a sac called the pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium – tough, loose-fitting, and
inelastic
 Serous Pericardium – has two layers
1. Parietal layer – lines
fibrous pericardium
2. Visceral layer (epicardium)
– adheres to the outside of
the heart.

Functions of the Heart Coverings

Between the parietal
and visceral layer is
the pericardial space,
which contains
pericardial fluid

Fluid protects against
friction when the heart
beats
Structure of the Heart

3 layers of tissue
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Epicardium – same as
the visceral
pericardium
Myocardium – Thick
muscular layer
Endocardium – lining
of the interior
myocardial wall.
External Anatomy of the Heart
Anterior View
External Anatomy of the Heart
Posterior View
Chambers of the Heart
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Divided into 4 cavities
2 Atria (left and right)
Upper chambers
 Receive blood from veins
 Myocardial wall is thin
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2 Ventricles (left and right)
Lower chambers
 Receive blood from the atria
 Myocardial walls are thick for pumping

Chambers of the Heart
(Frontal Plane)
Valves of the Heart
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Permit the flow of blood in one direction
Four sets of valves

2 Atrioventricular (AV) Valves – guard the
openings between the atria and ventricles
(cusp valves)
Tricuspid valve
 Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
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2 Semilunar (SL) Valves – located where the
pulmonary artery and aorta arise from the
right and left ventricles respectively
Chambers and Valves of the Heart
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Skeleton of the Heart
Structure of Heart Valves
Flow of Blood Through the
Heart
Blood Supply of Heart Tissue

Coronary Arteries –
The right and left
coronary arteries are
the first branches off
of the aorta.

Anastomosis – one or
more braches from
the proximal part of
the artery to a more
distal portion

Cardiac Veins – after
blood passes through
capillaries in the
myocardium it enters
a series of cardiac
veins that drain into
the right atrium
Coronary Arteries and Veins
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Coronary
Bypass
Surgery