Transcript The RESPIRATORY System - Davis School District

The CIRCULATORY System
Unit 3
Transportation Systems
Functions of the Circulatory System
• Transportation of
– nutrients and waste
– heat
– oxygen and carbon dioxide
– hormones
– antibodies
Structures of the Circulatory
System
Heart Location and Structures
• The heart is found in
the Thoracic Cavity
between the lungs,
slightly left of center.
• The base is the broad
flat top of the heart
• The apex is the pointy
bottom of the heart
• Coronary arteries and
veins run blood to and
from the myocardium
Heart
• Hollow organ
• Pumps blood throughout the body
• Three layers:
endocardium, myocardium, and
pericardium
• Four chambers
– Right and left atria
– Right and left ventricles
• Four valves
– Bicuspid (mitral), tricuspid, pulmonary and
aortic semilunars
• Major blood vessels
– Arteries, veins, and capillaries
Layers of the Heart
• Endocardium
– Inside lining, covers all walls and valves
– Made of epithelial and connective tissues
– Important because of the volume of blood that
flows through the heart
• Myocardium
– Bulk of the heart
– Made of cardiac muscle
– Thickest around left ventricle
• Pericardium
– Serous membrane around the heart
– Has a visceral and parietal layer
The 4 Chambers of the Heart
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Receives blood from veins;
pumps to right ventricle.
Receives blood from lungs;
pumps to left ventricle.
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Pumps blood to the lungs.
Pumps blood through the
aorta to the body.
The 4 Valves
• Bicuspid / Mitral
– Between left atrium and ventricle
– Has two flaps
• Tricuspid
– Between right atrium and ventricle
– Has three flaps
• Pulmonary Semilunar
– From the right ventricle leading to the lungs
through the pulmonary artery
• Aortic Semilunar
– From the left ventricle leading to the body through
the aorta
• The Anatomy of the Heart
Conduction System
• The heart has it’s own electrical system
that controls the rhythm of heart
contractions.
• SA Node (pacemaker of the heart)
– Atrium contract
– Impulse excites AV node
• AV Node
• Bundle of HIS
• Bundle Branches
• Purkinje Fibers
– Ventricles contract
– conduction system in the heart
Blood Vessels
• Closed system for flow of blood
• Three types of vessels:
– Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins
Vein
Artery
Valve
Arterioles
Venules
Capillarybed
Blood Vessels
• Arteries
– Take blood away from the heart
– Under high pressure
– Used to take pulses
– Squirt when cut
• Veins
– Take blood towards the heart
– Have valves to help push blood against gravity
– Constant flow when cut
• Capillaries
– Between arteries and veins
– Only one cell thick to allow gas and nutrient exchange
– So tiny only one blood cell at a time can go through
Pulses
• The pulse is caused by the contraction
of the left ventricle and the wave of
blood that it pushes into the arteries
• Common Pulses
– Carotid
– Radial
Blood Pressure
• Has two parts:
– Systolic
• Measures the pressure in the arteries when
the left ventricle contracts
• The top number
– Diastolic
• Measures the pressure in the arteries when
the left ventricle is relaxed and filling
• The bottom number
Blood
• Provides vital transportation for the
body
• Four components
– Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• Carry O2 and CO2
– White blood cells (leukocytes)
• Fight disease
– Platelets (thrombocytes)
• Clot blood
– Plasma
• Fluid part the others travel in
Diseases and Disorders
Circulatory
System
Anemia
• Blood disorder where capacity of the
blood to transport oxygen is
decreased
• Usually red blood cell count is
diminished
• Causes:
– Internal bleeding, vitamin deficiencies,
decreased RBC production, increase in
RBC destruction by spleen
• Symptoms:
– Fatigue, chest pain, skin pallor,
increased heart rate, difficulty breathing
Heart Attack
(myocardial infarction)
• Coronary artery or a branch of the coronary
artery is blocked
• Symptoms:
– Chest pain
– Crushing pressure behind the breastbone and
chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen,
shoulder or left arm
– Nausea
– Vomiting
– Difficulty breathing
– Anxiety or fear
High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)
• Blood pressure is chronically elevated
• Can contribute to coronary artery disease,
strokes, kidney failure, and sudden rupture of the
aorta
• Sustained systolic blood pressure of over 140 or a
sustained diastolic blood pressure of over 90 is
considered hypertension
• Usually there are no symptoms other than a mild
headache
Atherosclerosis
• Build-up of fatty deposits on the inner
walls of arteries
• Restricts the flow of blood
• Fats and other particles combine to form
plaque
• Calcium can be deposited by plaque and
cause the area to harden
CIRCULATORY
CAREERS
EMERGENCY MEDICAL
TECHNICIAN
– Provide emergency, pre-hospital care to
victims of accidents, injuries and sudden
illness
– Skills include care for shock, burns,
wounds, bleeding, fractures, airway
obstructions, CPR, childbirth, rescue
trapped persons, MORE advanced EMTs
interpret electrocardiograms, administer
IVs, and intubation
– Salary- $35,000-50,000
EMT LEVELS
• EMT- Basic
– 120 classroom training- 10 hours clinical
• EMT- Intermediate
– Additional 54 classroom training
• EMT- Paramedic
– Additional 610 classroom training, 596
clinical hours
– EMT Anthem
– Fun EMT Anthem
SURGICAL TECHNICIAN
• Work under supervision of nurses or
physicians
• Prepare patients for surgery, set up
instruments, equipment, and sterilize
supplies, assist during surgery by
passing instruments to surgeons
• 12-15 month program (DATC)
• $12-25/hour
• What Surgical Techs DO
CARDIOLOGIST
• Doctors are trained to diagnose, treat
and manage patients with
cardiovascular disease
• Must complete undergraduate, medical
school, residency, internship and
fellowship
• Salary- $150,000++/
• Cardiothoracic Surgeons- $350,000++
• CABG
• Cath Lab and Angioplasty
PHLEBOTOMIST
• Collect blood and prepare it for testing
• Training includes 6 weeks of classroom
and hospital training (3 weeks of each)
• $10 per hour
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
TECH
• Operate ECG machines
– ECGs- record electrical impulses from
heart
• Perform stress tests and diagnostic
tests for heart disease
• 1 year certificate program
• Salary- $12/hour
• Stress Test
• Stress Test 2
Vocabulary- word parts
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Hem/o- blood
Cardi/o- heart
Arteri/o- arteries
Thromb/o- clot
Angi/o- lymph or blood vessel
Erythr/o- red
Leuk/o- white
Vocabulary- word parts
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Brady- slow
Tachy- fast
- rrhea – flow or discharge
- emia – blood
-penia – decrease or deficiency
-rrhagia -rupture
Abbreviations
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P- pulse
BP- blood pressure
CBC- complete blood count
CPR- cardiopulmonary resuscitation
MI- myocardial infarction (heart attack)
RBC- red blood cell
WBC- white blood cell
EKG/ECG – electrocardiogram
Vocabulary
• Arrhythmia- irregular heart beat
• Circulation- movement in a regular or
circular motion
• Murmur- abnormal heart sound caused
by valve defect
• Palpitation – a rapid fluttering pulsation
• Varicose veins- enlarged bulging
superficial vein
• Systolic- contraction of a heart chamber
• Diastolic- relaxation of a heart chamber