Transcript Chapter Fifteen

Chapter Fifteen
Longer Sectional Forms
Elements of Form
•We have learned that form is
manipulated by--
• Repetition
• Contrast
• Variation
Variation
Let’s look closer at variation-Variation combines repetition with contrast. The
variation may be mostly contrast with two or more
new melodies. Or, the variation may take the
same theme and alter it either melodically,
rhythmically, or harmonically.
Altering melodies is referred to as development.
Development is also the term used to refer to
sections where variations take place. Development
offers a true blend of repetition and contrast.
Types of Sections
• Introductory Sections
• Thematic Sections
• Connecting Sections
• Concluding Sections
Thematic and Introductory
Introduction--
The beginning section to prepare the
listener for the thematic material. It may be
a very short or an extended section
Thematic--
A section which presents the primary
melodic materials (theme) of a composition.
A piece of music may have more than one
theme. Thematic material is labeled with
capital letters-- A B C
Connecting Sections
Connecting sections provide a sense of
movement to or rest from the themes.
Transition
Connecting Section to prepare listener for the
theme that follows often by building a sense of
anticipation which is resolved by the theme
Interlude
Connecting Section occurring between thematic
sections that uses contrasting material to
provide rest from previous theme.
Concluding Sections
Coda
Concluding Section that brings a work
to a close
Codetta
Internal concluding section that brings
a section to a close
Sectional Forms
Binary Form Two-part (A-B)
Ternary Form Three-part (A-B-A)
Compound Binary + Ternary
Theme and Variation A – A’ – A’’ etc.
Rondo A-B-A-C-A (five-part)
A-B-A-C-A-B-A (seven-part)
Sonata Form
Sonata form is the form for a single
movement within a multi-movement
work. It is a sectional work consisting
of the exposition, development, and
the recapitulation.
Exposition
The opening of a sonata form is the
exposition. It presents the thematic
material which will be used in the
work. The number of themes can vary,
but two contrasting themes (with a
codetta) is common.
Development
After stating the themes in the
exposition section, the piece moves
into the section which varies the
thematic content through melodic,
rhythmic, harmonic or timbral
variations.
Recapitulation
The recapitulation is the repetition
of the exposition section (with
certain modifications). The second
theme which was originally stated in
a different key from the first theme
is now played in the first key.
The development and recap sections
may be repeated .
Complete Classical Sonata
Multimovement work, typically 3 or 4
movements, some of which are sonata
form. It was used in the late 18th
century to the end of the 19th century
for most multi-movement instrumental
works.
Classical Sonata
Movement
Tempo
Typical Form(s)
•First
Fast
Sonata
•Second
Slow
Sonata
Theme and Var.
•Third (opt.)
Mod/Fast
Comp. Ternary
•Final
Fast
Sonata
T and V
Rondo
Performance Venues in Vienna
Chamber Music
Social Music
Parties and Celebrations
Larger Concerts
Gala Occasions
Charity Concerts
Subscription Series
Opera
Franz Joseph Haydn
[1732-1809]

First Viennese
School

Age of Aristocratic
Patronage

Prince(s) Esterházy