Transcript TPJ 3C1 Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System
Role of the Cardiovascular
System
the body’s delivery service
 the heart pumps blood through the
blood vessels to the entire body.
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The Heart
The heart is a muscular organ, about
the size of your fist, located between
the lungs behind the sternum.
 It is a pump that beats an average of
72 times a minute, 100,000 times a
day, and 3 trillion times an averabe
lifetime.
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beating heart
The Pericardium
The pericardium is a protective sac
covering the heart
 made up of two layers:
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Visceral pericardium – inner layer next to heart
Parietal pericardium – outer layer
Chambers of the Heart
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the heart is divided into right and left
sides by a wall called the septum
the heart has four chambers: two upper,
thin-walled atria, and two lower, thickwalled ventricles.
Valves of the Heart
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Some valves control the flow
of blood within the heart
 Mitral (bicuspid) valve:
between the left atrium
and left ventricle
 Tricuspid valve: between
the right atrium and right
ventricle
The pulmonary and aortic
valves stop the backflow of
blood into the heart
Blood Flow
The cardiovascular system has three
types of blood vessels:
 Arteries (and arterioles) – carry blood
away from the heart
 Capillaries – where nutrient and gas
exchange occur
 Veins (and venules) – carry blood toward
the heart.
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Passage of Blood Through Heart
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Each atria pumps blood to a ventricle through valves. (tricuspid
and mitral valve)
The right ventricle will pump blood to the lungs to be
oxygenated (via: pulmonary artery) and the blood will return to
the heart via the pulmonary vein.
The oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, then to the left
ventricle and out through the aorta to the body.
Cardiac Conduction System
contained in special heart tissue
called conductive tissue
 controls electrical impulses that cause
the heart to contract
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Circulation
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1)
2)
3)
circulation is the flow of blood
There are three types:
Coronary circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
Coronary Circulation
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the circulation of blood within the heart
the coronary arteries (branch off the
aorta) supply blood to the heart muscle
Since the coronary arteries are so small,
they are easily clogged, leading to heart
disease.
Pulmonary Circulation
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the flow of blood between the heart and
lungs
pulmonary arteries carry blood low in
oxygen from the right ventricle to the lungs
to get oxygen
pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to
the left atrium.
Systemic Circulation
the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the
body
 The aorta branches with an artery going to each specific
organ.
 eg. the carotid artery supplies blood to the head and
neck
 Generally, an artery divides
into arterioles and capillaries
which then lead to venules
and veins
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Pulmonary and Systemic
Circulation
Major arteries and veins of
systemic circulation