Transcript The Heart韦素丽课件

The Heart
心
Vocabulary and phrases
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mediastinum中纵隔
pericardium心包
chamber心腔
left / right atrium左/右心房
left / right ventricle左/右心室
cardiac apex心尖
cardiac base心底
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sternocostal surface胸肋面
diaphragmatic surface膈面
intercostal space肋间隙
midclavicular line锁骨中线
atrial septal defects (ASD)房间隔缺损
coronary sulcus冠状沟
anterior / posterior interventricular groove前/后室间沟
left / right atrioventricular orifice左/右房室口
fossa ovalis卵圆窝
Position位置
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Lies in middle mediastinum
inclosed by the pericardium
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1/3 of it lies to the right of
median plan and 2/3 to the
left
External characteristic
外形
A hollow muscular organ,
pyramidal in shape,consists
of four chambers (right and
left atria, right and left
ventricles)
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
One apex, base, two
surface and three borders
Right ventricle
One apex
Cardiac apex 心尖
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Directed downwards,
forwards and to the left.
Cardiac apex
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Lies at the level of the fifth left intercostal
space,1~2cm medial to the left midclavicular
line
One base
Cardiac base 心底
Faces backward, upward
and to the right.
Cardiac base
Two surface
Sternocostal surface胸肋面
Faces forwards and upwards
Sternocostal surface
Diaphragmatic surface 膈面
Directed backwards and downwards,
and rest upon the central tendon of
the diaphragm
Diaphragmatic surface
Three borders
心
脏
的
血
Left管
border左缘
前
面
观
Right border右缘
Inferior border下缘
Three grooves
Coronary sulcus －冠状沟
marks the division between
atria and ventricles
Coronary sulcus
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Anterior interventricular groove
前室间沟
Posterior interventricular groove
后室间沟
Anterior interventricular groove
Posterior interventricular groove
Mark the division between ventricles
Chambers of the heart 心腔
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Left and right atria
左、右心房
Left and right ventricles
左、右心室
Left atrium(LA)
Right atrium(RA)
Left ventricle(LV)
Right ventricle(RV)
Right atrium (RA)右心房
Three inlets
Orifice of superior vena cava
上腔静脉口-- returns blood to the
heart from the upper half of the body
Orifice of inferior vena cava
下腔静脉口-- returns blood to the heart
from the lower half of the body
Orifice of coronary sinus
冠状窦口-- returns blood to the heart
from the cardiac muscle
One outlet
Right
atrioventricular orifice
右房室口
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Fossa ovalis 卵圆窝
the most common
location of atrial septal
defects(ASD房间隔缺损)
Fossa ovalis
Right ventricle (RV) 右心室
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Inflow tract 流入道
Right atrioventricular orifice
右房室口
Right atrioventricular orifice
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Outflow tract 流出道
Conus arteriosus动脉圆锥
Conus arteriosus
Tricuspid valve 三尖瓣
Guards right atrioventricular orifice
three triangular cusps:
anterior, posterior and septal
Base of cusps are attached to fibrous
ring surrounding the atrioventricular
orifice.
To their free edges and ventricular surfaces
are attached chordae tendineae, which
connect the cusps to the papillary muscles.
Tricuspid complex 三尖瓣复合体
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Tricuspid ring 三尖瓣环
Tricuspid valve 三尖瓣
Chordae tendineae 腱索
Papillary muscles 乳头肌
Function of tricuspid complex
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Open during diastole to allow blood to enter
ventricles from atria
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Closed during systole to prevent regurgitation of
blood into atria
Valve of pulmonary trunk 肺动脉瓣
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Guards the orifice of
pulmonary trunk
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Has three semilunar cusps
Function of pulmonary valves
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Opening during systole, with
cusps pressed toward wall of
vessel as blood is forced
upward
Closed during diastole
Left atrium (LA) 左心房
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Four inlets－four orifices of pulmonary veins
肺静脉口
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One outlet－left atrioventricular orifice 左房室口
Orifices of pulmonary veins
Left atrioventricular orifice
Left ventricle (LV) 左心室
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Inflow tract
left atrioventricular orifice
左房室口
Aortic vestibule
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Outflow tract
Aortic vestibule主动脉前庭
Left atrioventricular orifice
Mitral valve 二尖瓣
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Guards left atrioventricular orifice
two triangular cusps－anterior
and posterior with commissural
cusps between them
Mirtal complex 二尖瓣复合体
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Mitral ring 二尖瓣环
Mitral valve 二尖瓣
Chordae tendineae 腱索
Papillary muscles 乳头肌
Function of mitral complex
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Open during diastole to allow blood to enter ventricles
from atria
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Closed during systole to prevent regurgitation of blood
into atria
Aortic valve 主动脉瓣
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Guards the aortic orifice
Three semilunar cusps
(right, left and posterior)
Function of aortic valves
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Opening during systole, with
cusps pressed toward wall of
vessel as blood is forced
upward
Closed during diastole
Questions
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Where is the position of the heart?
Where does the cardiac apex lie?
Show the position of coronary sulcus?
What is the composition of chambers of the
heart?
Thanks a lot