Transcript cardiovascular system

Chapter 9
Circulation and Respiration
Preview
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Section 2 Blood
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Concept Mapping
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Bellringer
In 2–3 minutes, list as many song titles and lyrics as
you can that contain the word heart. What ideas are
associated with the heart? Why do you think the heart
is part of so many songs?
Write your answers in your science journal.
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Objectives
• List five main parts of the cardiovascular system,
and describe their functions.
• Describe the two types of circulation of blood in
the body.
• List four cardiovascular problems.
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Your Cardiovascular System
• The cardiovascular system consists of the heart
and the three types of blood vessels that carry blood
throughout your body.
• The blood vessels—arteries, capillaries, and
veins—carry blood pumped by the heart.
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
The Heart
• Cardiac Muscle
Your heart is an
organ made mostly of
cardiac muscle
tissue. It is about the
size of your fist and is
almost in the center
of your chest cavity.
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Human Heart
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Blood Vessels
• Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away
from the heart and to the body’s organs.
• Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that allow the
exchange between body cells and blood.
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Blood Vessels, continued
• Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to
the heart.
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Two Types of Circulation
• Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood from
the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through
the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins.
• Systemic circulation is the flow of blood from the
heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart.
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular Problems
• Atherosclerosis
happens when
cholesterol builds up
inside of the blood
vessels.
Artherosclerosis is a
major cause of heart
diseases.
Chapter 9
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular Problems, continued
• High Blood Pressure Hypertension is abnormally
high blood pressure. The higher the blood pressure,
the greater the risk of a heart attack, heart failure,
kidney disease, and stroke.
• Heart Attacks and Heart Failure A heart attack
happens when heart muscle cells die and part of the
heart muscle is damaged. Heart failure happens when
the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the
body’s needs.
Chapter 9
Section 2 Blood
Bellringer
What does blood do? List as many functions of blood
as you can think of in your science journal. Think
about the following phrase: “Blood is thicker than
water.” Have you ever heard someone use this
phrase? What do you think it means?
Chapter 9
Section 2 Blood
Objectives
• Identify the four main components of blood.
• Describe three functions of blood.
• Explain how blood pressure is measured.
• Explain what the ABO blood types are and why
they are important.
Chapter 9
Section 2 Blood
What Is Blood?
• Blood is a connective tissue that carries gases,
nutrients, and wastes through the body.
• Plasma is the fluid part of blood. It is a mixture of
water, minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins, and
other substances.
• Red Blood Cells Most blood cells are red blood
cells (RBCs). RBCs take oxygen to every cell in
your body.
Chapter 9
Section 2 Blood
What Is Blood?, continued
• Platelets are pieces of larger cells found in bone
marrow. When you cut yourself, platelets help
blood clot.
Chapter 9
Section 2 Blood
What Is Blood?, continued
• White Blood Cells (WBCs) help keep you
healthy by destroying pathogens. WBCs also help
clean wounds.
• WBCs also keep you healthy by destroying body
cells that have died or been damaged.
Chapter 9
Section 2 Blood
Body Temperature Regulation
• Your blood does more than supply your cells with
oxygen and nutrients. It also helps regulate your body
temperature.
Blood Pressure
• The force exerted by blood on the inside walls of
arteries is called blood pressure.
Chapter 9
Section 2 Blood
Blood Types
• Every person has one of four
blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Your
blood type refers to the type of
antigens you have on the
surface of your RBCs.
Chapter 9
Section 2 Blood
Blood Types and Transfusions
• A transfusion is the injection of blood or blood
components into a person to replace blood that has
been lost. Blood type is an important consideration
of a blood transfusion.
Type
Can receive
Can donate to
A
B
AB
A, O
B, O
all
A, AB
B, AB
AB only
O
O
all
Chapter 9
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Bellringer
Do you know people who have had their tonsils out?
What are tonsils? What is their function? Where are
they located in the body?
Write your response in your science journal.
Chapter 9
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Objectives
• Describe the relationship between the lymphatic
system and the cardiovascular system.
• Identify six parts of the lymphatic system, and
describe their functions.
Chapter 9
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Vessels of the
Lymphatic System
• The lymphatic system
is the group of organs
and tissues that collect
excess fluid and return it
to your blood.
Chapter 9
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Vessels of the Lymphatic System, continued
• The smallest vessels of the lymphatic system are
lymph capillaries. The fluid and particles absorbed into
lymph capillaries are called lymph.
Chapter 9
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Other Parts of the Lymphatic System
• Bone Marrow is the soft tissue inside of bones.
Bone marrow is where most red and white blood
cells, including lymphocytes, are produced.
• Lymph Nodes are small, bean-shaped masses of
tissue that remove pathogens and dead cells from
the lymph.
Chapter 9
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Other Parts of the Lymphatic System,
continued
• The thymus is the gland that produces T cells that
are ready to fight infection.
• Your spleen is the largest lymphatic organ. The
spleen stores and produces lymphocytes.
Chapter 9
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Other Parts of the Lymphatic System,
continued
• Tonsils are lymphatic
tissue in the nasal
cavity and at the back
of the mouth on either
side of the tongue.
Tonsils help defend the
body against infection.
Chapter 9
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Bellringer
Explain whether the following statements are true
or false:
1) Breathing and respiration are the same thing.
2) The nose is the primary opening into and out of
the respiratory system.
3) The vocal cords are located in the trachea.
Record your answers in your science journal.
Chapter 9
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Objectives
• Describe the parts of the respiratory system and
their functions.
• Explain how breathing happens.
• Discuss the relationship between the respiratory
system and the cardiovascular system.
• Identify two respiratory disorders.
Chapter 9
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System
• Respiration is the process by which a body gets
and uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and
water. Breathing is only one part of respiration.
• The second part of respiration is cellular respiration,
which involves chemical reactions that release energy
from food.
• The respiratory system is the group of organs that
take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.
Chapter 9
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System,
continued
• Nose, Pharynx, and
Larynx Your nose is the
main passageway into
and out of the respiratory
system. From the nose,
air flows into the
pharynx, or throat. The
larynx is the part of the
throat that contains the
vocal chords.
Chapter 9
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System,
continued
• Trachea The larynx guards the entrance to a large
tube called the trachea, or windpipe.
• Bronchi and Alveoli The trachea splits into two
branches called bronchi. One bronchus connects to
each lung. In the lungs, each bronchus branches into
bronchioles, which branch to form thousands of tiny
sacs that are called alveoli.
Chapter 9
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System,
continued
Chapter 9
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Breathing
• Breathing is done by the diaphragm and rib muscles.
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle beneath the
lungs.
Breathing and Cellular Respiration
• In cellular respiration, oxygen is used by cells to
release energy stored in molecules of glucose. When
you breathe, you take in oxygen, which diffuses into
red blood cells and is carried to tissue cells.
Chapter 9
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Chapter 9
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Gas Exchange in the Lungs
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter 9
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiratory Disorders
• Respiratory disorders include asthma, emphysema,
and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
• Asthma causes the bronchioles to narrow. An
asthma attack may be triggered by irritants such as
dust or pollen.
• SARS is caused by a virus.
Chapter 9
Circulation and Respiration
Concept Mapping
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on
the next slide.
arteries
cardiovascular system
bronchi
alveoli
capillaries
respiratory system
cellular respiration
blood
Chapter 9
Circulation and Respiration
Chapter 9
Circulation and Respiration