Transcript CPR Course

CPR & AED
Level A
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation &
Automated External Defibrillator
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Course Outline
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Welcome, Introductions, Administration
Mission & Vision
Good Samaritan Act & Legal Issues
Disease Transmission & Barrier Devices
The heart
Risk Factors for Heart Disease
Stroke, T.I.A, Angina and Heart Attack
Adult Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Recovery Position
Choking
Cardiac Arrest Information
Heart Rhythms
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Quiz
Questions and Wrap Up
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canfitpro
Mission
United as members, canfitpro delivers the world’s
best, accessible, affordable, and attainable fitness
education and experiences.
Vision
As the leading global provider of fitness and
wellness education, canfitpro empowers people to
lead passionate and fulfilling lives through safe, fun,
and effective physical activity.
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Five Common Fears
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Doing the wrong thing / making things worse
Getting sued
Personal safety
Diseases
Dealing with blood / gross situations
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The Good Samaritan Act
• Identify yourself
• Ask Permission
• Act Reasonable
(no cutting, sewing or poking)
• Stay with victim
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Legal Issues
• Once you initiate aid to a victim, you must
continue CPR unless:
● It is necessary in order to activate EMS
(infant CPR sequence)
● Someone with equal or greater training
takes over
● Continuing to provide assistance would
be unsafe
● You are physically exhausted
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Legal Issues
• Consent must be obtained from a victim
before a rescuer can provide assistance.
• Consent is implied if;
● Victim is unconscious
● Victim is under 18 yrs of age and no
guardian is available
● The victim is intoxicated or delusional,
or the rescuer at least believes they are
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Disease Transmission / Barrier Devices
Barrier devices are typically
available as a face shield or
face mask.
A face mask is ideal as it
reduces exposure to the
rescuer (a face shield does
not reduce risk as much as a
face mask).
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The Human Heart
The function of the
heart is to circulate
(pump) blood
throughout the body to
provide oxygen and
nutrients and to remove
waste products.
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The Human Heart
• The heart has four chambers
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The Human Heart
• The Heart’s Electrical Path
The heart's electrical
system controls the
synchronized and
rhythmic pumping
efficiency of the
heart.
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The Human Heart
• Problems with the heart's electrical system
can cause heart rhythm disorders that may
lead to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).
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What is the
number one
killer of north
americans?
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Risk Factors
● Diabetes
● Age
● High Blood Pressure
● Being Overweight
● Gender
● High Blood Cholesterol
● Excessive Alcohol Consumption
● Family History
● Physical Inactivity
● Smoking
● Stress
● Ethnicity
● Prior stroke
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Risk Factors
Preventable
● Diabetes
● High Blood Pressure
● High Blood Cholesterol
● Being Overweight
● Excessive Alcohol
Not preventable
● Age
● Gender
● Family History
● Ethnicity
● Prior Stroke
Consumption
● Physical Inactivity
● Smoking
● Stress
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Signs and Symptoms
Signs: A sign is an objective indication of
something that is typically detected by a
physician; a sign is discovered by a physician.
Symptoms: A symptom is a subjective indication
of something that is typically reported by a patient;
a symptom is experienced by a patient.
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Stroke & TIA
Ischemic Stroke
Ischemic stroke is a
life-threatening event in
which part of the brain
does not receive
enough oxygen, usually
due to a blood clot
lodged in a cerebral
artery.
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Stroke & TIA
Signs and Symptoms
● numbness
● sudden weakness
● trouble speaking
● vision problems
● severe headache
● dizziness
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Heart Attack, Angina & Cardiac Arrest
Angina: a disease caused by the narrowing
of the coronary artery.
Heart Attack: death to an area of the HEART
muscle due to a lack of oxygen.
Cardiac Arrest: complete cessation of cardiac
activity (heartbeat).
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Heart Attack
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Heart Attack
P ale
I ndigestion
A nxious
T ightness
S .O.B.
S weat
O verall Weakness
N ausea
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Assess Environment
● Check for hazards (ladder, glass,
chemicals, etc.)
● What is the risk to you? What, if any,
further risk is there to the victim?
● What happened?
● How many victims are there?
● Is the scene changing?
● Is there an AED or First Aid kit close by?
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Determine Responsiveness
Shout or speak loudly
to victim and ask if
they are okay.
Squeeze or pinch
shoulders.
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Activate EMS
● Provide the dispatcher with the
number of victims, age, gender
condition and location of
emergency.
● Stay on line until the dispatcher
tells you it is okay to hang up.
● If a bystander calls EMS, ask them
to report back to you to ensure that
EMS has been activated.
● Ask dispatcher the estimated time
of arrival for EMS.
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Utilizing Bystanders
● Phone EMS
● Wait for EMS
● AED available
● Remove hazards from scene
● Crowd control
● Get supplies (e.g., blankets)
● Protect victim’s belongings
● Write down details of
incident
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Open Airway
Perform a head tilt,
chin lift by placing the
heel of one hand on
the victim’s forehead,
and the fingers of the
other hand under
victim’s chin.
Tilt head back to allow
airway to open.
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Check for Breathing
Place your ear over the victim’s mouth and
nose to allow you to be able to listen and
feel for exhaled air (5 sec).
Watch the victim’s chest to see if there is
any movement.
A victim that is gasping for air is not
considered “breathing”.
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Compressions
● Place heel of one of your hands on
the victim’s chest.
● Centre this hand between the victim’s
nipples.
● Place your other hand on top of this
hand.
● Push hard and fast (rate should be
100 compressions per minute).
● Count “one and, two and, three and”,
etc.
● Be sure to allow chest to come back
to normal position between
compressions.
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Compressions
● Landmarking for
compressions is just
between the nipples of the
victim.
● Compression depth should
be 5 cm, or 2 inches.
● Aim for ~100 compressions
every minute, or just under
two compressions per
second.
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Rescue Breathing
• Seal victim’s mouth and
pinch the nose closed.
•Give two normal breaths
(allow each breath to be
delivered over one second).
• Ensure the victim’s chest
rises.
•Allow chest to return to normal
position before providing next breath.
PRACTICE
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Adult CPR (One Rescuer Sequencing)
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Assess environment
Determine unresponsiveness
Activate EMS
Attempt to get AED
Open airway
Check for breathing
Landmark and begin compressions
Provide two rescue breaths
30 compressions:2 breaths until EMS arrives
or victim responds to treatment
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Recovery Position
An unconscious adult who is breathing and has
no other life threatening emergencies should be
placed in the recovery position.
While a victim is in the recovery position, you are
able to continually reassess his or her status,
check vitals, and maintain an open airway.
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Choking
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Unable to speak
Unable to cough
Hands at throat
Face changing
colour
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Choking Conscious Adult
1. Determine severity of
obstruction.
2. If mild, encourage coughing
and reassure victim.
3. If severe, shout for help,
start cycles of 5 back blows
and 5 abdominal thrusts
until airway is clear, or
victim becomes
unconscious.
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Choking Unconscious Adult
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Assess environment
Determine responsiveness
Activate EMS
Attempt to obtain AED
Open airway
Assess breathing
Landmark and provide 30 chest
compressions
8. Look in mouth for object (remove only if object seen)
9. Give one rescue breath, if it fails reposition head and try again
10. Repeat sequence until successful or EMS arrives
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Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Sudden cardiac
arrest occurs
when the heart's
electrical system
malfunctions and
the heart stops
beating.
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Did you Know…
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More than 35,000 Canadian lives are lost
each year due to cardiac arrest.
Defibrillation improves survival rates by up
to 30 % if delivered in the first few minutes.
With each passing minute, the probability of
survival declines by 7 to 10%.
Making defibrillators easily accessible has
the potential to save thousands of lives.
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Did you Know…
• In SCA, ventricular tachycardia or ventricular
fibrillation causes the heart to beat too fast.
● Ventricular tachycardia (VT), a
dangerously fast rhythm in the lower
two chambers of the heart.
● Ventricular fibrillation (VF), a rapid
and chaotic quivering of the
ventricles, which can be triggered by
episodes of VT.
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Did you Know…
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Sinus arrhythmia refers to the normal increase in
heart rate that occurs when you breathe in.
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Did you Know…
Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
An abnormal contraction of the ventricles that lead to
ventricular fibrillation and sudden death.
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Did you Know…
Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
A chaotic heartbeat that often precedes cardiac
arrest.
When the heart is in fibrillation, there is no effective blood
being supplied from to any part of the body, breathing stops
and cardiac arrest occurs.
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Did you Know…
Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
• VF is the most common cause of
sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)!
• The only definitive treatment for
SCA is defibrillation - an electric
current that "shocks" the heart so
that a normal rhythm may
resume.
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Did you Know…
Asystole (Flat Line)
A flat line means the person's heart has
stopped altogether.
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What is an AED?
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An Automated External
Defibrillator (AED) is a
machine that can
monitor heart rhythms.
It can tell if the heart
has stopped beating
effectively.
If required, the machine
can then deliver an
electric shock to the
heart.
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What is an AED?
Do AED units replace
the use of CPR?
• The AED does not take the
place of CPR.
• The AED’s function is to
correct the underlying rhythm
when the heart is in V-Fib.
• CPR's function is to circulate
blood and oxygen throughout
the body.
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What is an AED?
Not everyone can be
saved from SCA, even
with defibrillation. But
early defibrillation,
especially when
delivered within three
minutes of a person's
collapse from SCA, does
provide the best chance.
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How AED Units Work
Defibrillators work by
giving the heart a
controlled electric
shock, forcing all the
heart muscles to
contract at once, and,
hopefully jolting it back
into a regular rhythm.
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How AED Units Work
• Turn “ON” AED unit
• Voice and visual
instructions occur
immediately.
• Follow prompts.
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SA NODE
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When pads are attached to
the patient the AED will
automatically assess the
patient.
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Prompts: “Assessing
heart rhythm” and “Do not
touch the patient”
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When ready to deliver a
shock, the unit will advise:
• “Press the shock button now”
• Button will illuminate when
system is charged
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AED units are designed only
to recognize VF or VT and
advise the user to deliver
and electric shock.
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How AED Units Work
• Defibrillation works only if there is already
electrical activity going on in the heart.
• A defibrillator doesn't work if a person is in
flat line. Since a defibrillator stops the
heart, it wouldn't make sense to stop a
heart that is already stopped.
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How AED Units Work
How many Shocks?
Only one, Followed by CPR.
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When shock is advised, give one shock, then
immediately give five cycles, or about two minutes
of CPR.
When no shock is advised, immediately give five
cycles, or about two minutes of CPR.
If at any time you notice an obvious sign of
circulation, stop CPR and monitor ABCs.
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How AED Units Work
AED Algorithm
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What about Liability
Chase McEachern Act – Bill 171
• Protects individuals from liability for damages that
may occur in relation to their use of an AED to
save someone’s life at the immediate scene of an
emergency, unless damages are caused by
gross negligence.
• This legislation came in to effect on July 3, 2007.
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CPR & AED
Quiz
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Questions?
Comments?
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Please fill out
an evaluation
form and
return to me.
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Thank you!
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