Transcript HT, LDL , DM, etc

“natural death from cardiac causes
heralded by abrupt loss of
consciousness”
Sudden cardiac arrest is the sudden,
unexpected loss of heart function,
breathing and consciousness. Sudden
cardiac arrest usually results from an
electrical disturbance in your heart that
disrupts its pumping action, stopping
blood flow to the rest of your body.
Sudden cardiac arrest is different from a
heart attack, which occurs when blood
flow to a portion of the heart is blocked.
However, a heart attack can sometimes
trigger an electrical disturbance that
leads to sudden cardiac arrest.
Sudden cardiac arrest is a medical
emergency. If not treated immediately, it
causes sudden cardiac death. With fast,
appropriate medical care, survival is
possible. Administering cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) — or even just
compressions to the chest — can improve
the chances of survival until emergency
personnel arrive.
The cardiovascular
continuum
Myocardial infarction
Coronary thrombosis
Myocardial
ischaemia
Arrhythmia &
Loss of muscle
Remodelling
Ventricular
dilatation
CAD
Atherosclerosis
LVH
Risk factors
(HT, LDL, DM, etc)
Heart failure
Endstage
heart disease
CONGENITAL




Electrical
Heart muscle
Valvar
arterial
ACQUIRED
 Atheromatous
coronary disease



Hypertension
Post viral
Rheumatic heart disease
 Rare
< 15 years of age
 15-35 years:congenital
electrical
atheromatous
 >35 years
atheromatous
hypertension
 For
those identified to be high risk for
SCD
Per cent proportional risk reduction
A 28 % Reduction in LDL-C significantly reduces cardiovascular events
Major corronary
events
Coronary
deaths
Cardiovascular All-cause deaths
deaths
•0
•-5
•-10
•-15
-21 %
•-20
•-25
•-30
-29 %
-27 %
-31 %
•-35
Meta-analysis illustrating the beneficial effects of statin therapy
LaRosa et al, JAMA 1999; 282: 2340-2346
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)