Transcript heart, blood vessels, and blood

CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM
Movie
• The cardiovascular system (circulatory
system) is composed of your heart,
blood vessels, and blood. Its major
function is the transport of nutrients,
oxygen, and cellular waste products
throughout the body. We will look at
each of the components in detail.
What Does C-V System do?
• Circulate blood throughout entire body
for
– Transport of oxygen to cells
– Transport of CO2 away from cells
– Transport of nutrients (glucose) to cells
– Movement of immune system components
(cells, antibodies)
– Transport of endocrine gland secretions
How does it do it?
• Heart is pump
• Arteries and veins are main tubes (plumbing)
– Arteries Away from Heart
– Veins to Heart
Movie
DID YOU KNOW…
• The “thump-thump” of a heartbeat is the sound made by
the four valves of the heart closing.
• Cocaine affects the heart’s electrical activity and causes
spasm of the arteries, which can lead to a heart attack or
stroke, even in healthy people
• A woman’s heart typically beats faster than a man’s. The
heart of an average man beats approximately 70 times a
minute, whereas the average woman has a heart rate of 78
per minute
• Grab a tennis ball and squeeze it tightly: that’s how hard
the beating heart works to pump blood
• A kitchen faucet would need to be turned on all the way for
at least 45 years to equal the amount of blood pumped by
the heart in an average lifetime
HEART
The heart is composed of four chambers:
•
Right Atrium- Receives deoxygenated blood from the
body and forces it into the right ventricle
•
Left Atrium- Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
and forces it into the left ventricle.
• Right Ventricle- Receives deoxygenated blood from the right
atrium, and forces it into the pulmonary artery
• Left Ventricle- Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium
and forces it into the aorta to be distributed throughout the body.
BLOOD VESSELS
Arteries- The vessels that carry blood away from the heart to
the body. Arterial walls are muscular and elastic. Blood carried
in the arteries is bright colored
Arterioles- The smallest arteries
Pulmonary Artery- The artery that carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs
Aorta- The largest artery in the body. Carries blood from the
heart to be distributed throughout the body.
Artery/Vein differences
Arteries (aa.)
Direction Blood Away from
of flow
Heart
Pressure Higher
Veins (vv.)
Blood to Heart
Walls
Lumen
THICKER: Tunica
media thicker than
tunica externa
Smaller
THINNER: Tunica
externa thicker
than tunica media
Larger
Valves
No valves
Valves (see next)
Lower
BLOOD VESSELS
• Veins- The vessels that carry blood from the capillaries on its
return to the heart. Blood carried in the veins is usually darker in
color.
• Venules- The smallest veins
• Pulmonary Vein- The vein that carries oxygenated blood from
the lungs back to the heart.
• Capillaries- the smallest of all blood vessels. Serve as
connectors between arterioles and venuoles. Nutrients and
oxygen are delivered to body cells through the capillaries. Cell
waste products are picked up in the capillaries.
BLOOD
The blood is composed of four parts:
•
Plasma- The liquid component of blood. 95% of plasma is water.
Plasma contains the blood cells.
•
Red Blood Cells- The most common type of blood cell. Red blood
cells deliver oxygen to the body, and have a life span of approximately
100 days.
•
White Blood Cells- Fight infection and pathogens in the body. White
blood cells can live from three months to five years.
Heart Chambers and Valves
Location of Heart in Thorax
Another View
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
is associated with thickening of the heart
muscle. This leads to stiffening of the
walls of the heart and abnormal aortic
and mitral heart valve function, both of
which may block normal blood flow
out of the heart
Macroscopic appearance of epicardial fat (layer of fat around heart)
(A) Front view of a normal (210 g) heart. (B) Back view of a normal
(210 g) heart.
(C) Front view of a hypertrophic (900 g) heart. (D) Back view of a
hypertrophic (900 g) heart. In the normal heart, the fat distribution is
limited