Transcript Ch. 2 A Closer Look at Blood Vessels

Ch. 19 Sec. 1
A Closer Look at
Blood Vessels
• If you took all of the blood vessels
out of an average adult, and laid
them out in one line, the line would
be over 100,000 miles long!
Blood
vessel
Function
Structure of
wall
Other info.
artery
•carry blood
away from
heart
•largest= aorta
•3 layers
•Very thick
causes
pulse
capillary
•connect
arteries & veins
•allow
diffusion
•1 cell thick
materials
pass thru.
easily
(oxygen,
glucose)
vein
carry blood to
heart
•3 layers
• thinner walls
than arteries
Arteries cause your pulse.
Factors that help blood
move thru. veins:
1. Contraction of skeletal muscles
2. Valves prevent blood from
flowing backward
3. Breathing movements
Arteries, Capillaries & Veins
Unlike the arteries
and veins,
capillaries are very
thin and fragile.
The capillaries are
actually only one
epithelial cell thick.
They are so thin that
blood cells can only
pass through them
in single file.
coronary arteries
• supply blood to heart itself
1. Right Coronary Artery
2. Left Coronary Artery
blood pressure
•caused by force w/
which ventricles
contract
(ventricles contract)
(ventricles relax)
Blood pressure measured w/
sphygmomanometer
Predict how your pulse rate will change as you go from resting to
being active, then back to resting again.______________________
Activity
Resting
Walking
Running
(1 min) Resting after Exercise
(3+ min) Resting after Exercise
Pulse Rate
X 4=
bpm
artery, capillary or vein
•thickest walls
artery
artery, capillary or vein
•carry blood away
from the heart
artery
artery, capillary or vein
•connects 2 blood
vessels
capillary
artery, capillary or vein
•walls are 3
layers thick
artery & vein
artery, capillary or vein
•diffusion occurs
here
capillary
artery, capillary or vein
•carry blood back
to the heart
vein
artery, capillary or vein
•causes your
pulse
artery
Alien heart
• It is the year 2500. The Planet Earth has discovered many new
planets which contain life. Some life forms are almost humanlike aside from a few features. Your star-ship has just landed on
an undiscovered planet. Unfortunately when the star-ship
entered the planet's atmosphere a grand ion charge zapped
your star-ship's power supply. To repair your star-ship, you
need to find the mineral reggeti. You decide you will lead your
crew in a search for the substance. In a short time you meet a
human-like alien colony, calling themselves Xyphoids. Your
crew is excited to meet this population because you hope they
know how to locate reggeti. You discover the alien population
can speak your language so you inquire about reggeti. To your
surprise, the leader knows where the mineral can be found, but
he will only you show on one condition. The Xyphoids, ever
since their known existence, have hearts which fail at a very
young age. For years they have tried to invent an artificial heart
without success. The alien population knows your technology is
more advance than theirs. They will lead you to the reggeti
source if you can successfully make an artificial heart for their
population.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/transplantwave.html
Name_________________________________ Date __________________
Alien heart ACTIVITY
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Xyphoid anatomy:
3 chambers in their heart
2 heart valves
1 lung
3 major vena cava entering the heart
2 pulmonary arteries
3 pulmonary veins
2 arteries leaving the heart to supply the body with blood
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1.
Assignment:
Use the PlayDoh and other materials to make a CROSS SECTION (cross section means to leave an area of the heart open so
the teacher can observe your internal design) of the heart which corresponds to the Xyphoid anatomy. The heart must work
mechanically (meaning the your creation must be able to pump blood to the one lung and bring it back to the heart. Further your
valves must be placed in logical positions). (REMEMBER don't mix the PlayDoh!!!)
2.
Draw your heart creation on the back of this page (color is encouraged)
3.
Label your valves, veins, arteries, chambers and other structures (use original terminology)
4.
Describe (use your unique heart labels) how your heart will work mechanically. Describe how it will move the blood to the one
lung and out the rest of the body.