Transcript Heart and Blood Vessels

What parts make up the circulatory
system?
 Heart
 Vessels
 Veins
 Arteries
 Venules
 Arterioles
 Capillaries
Why do we need it?
 Vital for supplying oxygen and nutrients to
tissues and removing wastes from them
 Pulmonary circuit vs systemic circuit
 Pulmonary refers to the lungs; blood moving to or
from the lungs
 Systemic refers to the transportation of oxygen rich
blood to all the different parts of the body and the
removal of wastes from the cells
What are the parts of the heart?
 Label this diagram using your book.
Layers
of
the
heart
 Pericardium-membrane around the heart
 2 layers
 Pericardial cavity-filled with serous fluid
 Reduces friction between membrane and heart
 Wall of heart has 3 layers
 Epicardium-reduce friction (made of adipose and connective
tissue); made of arteries and veins of the heart
 Myocardium-thick and made of cardiac muscle; high blood
flow here
 Endocardium-has blood vessels and purkinje fibers (fibers that
help to coordinate the contraction of the heart; work with SA
and AV node by carrying impulses to the myocardium)
Valves-who
needs
them?
 Prevents backflow of blood
 Valve regulated by papillary muscles (pull on tendons)
and chordae tendinae (pull on valve)
 Atrioventricular valves-valves between atrium and
ventricle
 Tricupsid-b/w RA and RV
 Mitral Valve (bicupsid valve)-b/w LA and LV

Prolapse-valve cusps bulge into the LA
 Semilunar Valves
 Pulmonary valve-right ventricle leading into
pulmonary artery
 Aortic Valve-valve before the aorta
Why do we need veins,
arteries, and capillaries?
 Highway around the body!
 How are each different?
 Veins-transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart
 Need to have valves-prevent backflow of blood
 Thinner walls
 Not as much pressure
 Vena cava (inferior and superior)
 Venules-smaller veins that lead from the capillaries to the veins
 Heart has coronary veins
 Arteries-take oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of
the body
 Strong and elastic
 Have endothelium tissue that is smooth prevent blood clots
 High pressure
 Made of 3 layers



Tunica interna-inner most; provides smooth surface to prevent
clots; help to dialate and constrict bv
Tunica media-middle; bulk of artery
Tunica externa-thin; attaches artery to surrounding tissue
 Arterioles-connect arteries to capillaries
 Aorta
 Vasoconstriction-reduce diameter and contract
 Vasodialation-increase diameter and relax
Capillaries
 Smallest
 Semipermeable layer of cells
 Muscles have a large number of these whereas
cartilage doesn’t (due to metabolic rate)
 Allows oxygen to leave the blood that is in the
capillaries and enter tissue. Allows wastes or
carbon dioxide from tissues to leave the cells and
enter the blood in the capillaries
 Osmosis, filtration, diffusion
 Tons are in the lung alveoli
Arteriosclerosis vs
artherosclerosis
 Artherosclerosis-build up of
plaque on walls of arteries
 Arteriosclerosis-fat hardens
and causes the artery to lose
elasticity
Arteriosclerosis
Heart vessels
 Coronary arteries exit
out of the aorta into left
and right coronary
arteries
 Cardiac veins-bring
deoxygenated blood
back to the right atrium
or coronary sinus
 Blockage in the arteries
causes a heart attack or
myocardial infarction
Pathway from the right atrium
back to the right atrium
 Right atrium
 Tricupsid valve
 Pulmonary vein
 Right ventricle
 Left atrium
 Pulmonary valve
 Mitral valve
 Pulmonary artery
 Left ventricle
 Lungs (capillaries of the
 Aortic Valve
alveoli)
 Oxygen diffuses into the
capillaries from the tissue
and carbon dioxide leaves
the capillaries and enter
the tissue
 Aorta
 Arteries
 Arterioles
 Capillaries (exchange of gases and wastes)
 oxygen leaves the blood from the
capillaries and into the tissue; carbon
dioxide leaves the tissue and into the
blood of the capillaries
 Venules (valves)
 Veins (valves)
 Inferior or superior vena cava
 Right atrium