Transcript The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System
Arteries, veins, and the heart are the main organs of the
circulatory system. Blood in the circulatory system
delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes
waste materials. In this section, you will learn that the
circulatory system is one of the most important systems
of the body. Any disorder that disrupts the flow of blood
can cause brain damage or death. For this reason,
health care workers should be familiar with the
treatment and prevention of circulatory system
disorders.
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
2








Match key terms with their correct meanings.
Name the major organs of the circulatory system.
Label a diagram of the heart and blood vessels.
Recognize functions of the circulatory system.
Identify the common disorders of the circulatory system.
List the parts of the circulatory system through which
blood flows.
Describe how the circulatory system supports life.
Explain why the health care worker’s understanding of
the circulatory system is important.
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
3

Arteries
 Carry blood from the lower chambers of the heart to all parts of
the body

Arterioles
 Small arteries that connect arteries with capillaries

Capillaries
 Thin walls that allow nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to
move in and out of the blood

Venules
 Small veins that connect veins with capillaries

Veins
 Carry blood from all the different parts of the body and return it to
the heart
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
4
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
6



Caused by pressure of the blood pushing against the
wall of an artery as the heart contracts and relaxes
Indicates how well the blood is circulating through the
body
Count the number of beats (heartbeats) in 1 minute
 Beats per minute (BPM)
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
7

Rate
 Number of pulse beats per minute

Rhythm
 Regularity of beats
 Report heartbeat below 60 and over 100 bpm

Volume
 Strength or pressure felt with each beat
▪ Bounding – leaping, strong, or forceful pulse
▪ Thready – weak, barely-felt pulse, think “like a thread”
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
8
Increase Pulse Rate
Decrease Pulse Rate









Exercise
Illness
Anxiety
Medication
Shock

Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
High level of aerobic fitness
Depression
Medication
Cardiac dysfunction
Sleep
9




Tachycardia – rate is over 100 bpm
Bradycardia – rate is less than 60 bpm
Arrhythmia – rate is irregular
Radial pulse
 Most common site for counting the pulse rate
 Counted on the thumb side of the wrist
 Use your fingertips of index and middle finger to feel for it

Apical pulse
 Counted at the apex of the heart
 Place stethoscope 2 to 3 inches to the left of the sternum
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
10
Find your radial pulse
- Find your carotid pulse
-
- Get with a partner, find
his/her radial pulse and count
it for one full minute – write
down what you get
- Apical pulse:
- Find your apical pulse
with the stethoscope,
count it for one full
minute, write down your
answer
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson
11


The pump that forces blood throughout the body
Outside of the heart made primarily of muscle, and the
inside is divided into four hollow chambers:
 Right atrium
 Right ventricle
 Left atrium
 Left ventricle

Heart wall is made up of layers of tissue:
 Endocardium
 Myocardium
 Pericardium
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
12
13
15
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
16
- Apical pulse:
- Find your apical pulse with
the stethoscope, count it
for one full minute, write
down your answer and
compare it with the
numbers from you
radial/carotid pulse
- Are they very similar?
- Are they totally different?
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson
17
Write down the blood flow through the heart, starting
with the vena cava
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. .

Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
18
aneurism - weakened section in the wall of a blood
vessel
 arteriosclerosis - condition in which the walls of the
arteries become thick and harden

varicose veins - enlarged veins that are not efficient in
returning blood to the heart
 myocardial infarct (MI)- heart attack

 a condition in which the infarction coronary arteries of the heart
are blocked, causing the tissue beyond the blockage to be
without a blood supply



heart murmur - sound indicates a heart valve that does
not close completely, allowing blood to flow back into the
heart chamber it just left
congenital - condition in which abnormalities of heart
disease were present since birth
hypertension - high blood pressure



endocarditis - inflammation of the inside lining of the
heart
myocarditis - inflammation of the heart muscle
pericarditis - inflammation of the outer lining of the heart
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
23



bradycardia - abnormally slow heart rate
cardiogenic - beginning within the heart
cardiopulmonary - pertaining to the heart and lungs



cardiovascular - pertaining to the heart and blood
vessels
carditis - inflammation of the heart muscle
cyanosis - bluish discoloration of the skin



ecchymosis - bruised condition
electrocardiogram - ECG/EKG; a tracing of heart activity
embolus - blood clot in the circulatory system
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
27



intravenous IV - within a vein
leukocyte - white blood cell
thrombus - blood clot that obstructs circulation


Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Video?
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
29



Force of the blood pushing against the walls of the blood
vessels
Systolic pressure is the greatest force exerted on the
walls of the arteries by the heart when it contracts
Diastolic pressure is the least force exerted on the walls
of the arteries by the heart
 Occurs as the heart relaxes
Normal pressure is systolic below 135 and diastolic
below 85
 Hypertension is (HTN) high blood pressure
 Hypotension is low blood pressure

Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
30
Increase blood pressure





Loss of elasticity in the
arteries (arteriosclerosis)
Exercise
Eating
Stimulants
Anxiety
Decrease Blood Pressure






Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
Hemorrhage
Inactivity
Fasting
Suppressants
Depression
Shock
31
120/80
90/70
=
=
120 Systolic
80 Diastolic
90 Systolic
70 Diastolic
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson
32
One type of blood pressure apparatus—aneroid sphygmomanometer.
Sphygmo—refers to pulse
Mano—refers to pressure
Meter—refers to measure
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson
= Sphygmomanometer
33


Go to p. 251
in your
workbook –
these are
the same;
What are
your
readings?
34

Read over procedure 18.10

Then lets practice
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
35

Internist
 Physician who may provide either primary or long-term
comprehensive care

Cardiologist
 Medical doctor who diagnoses, treats, and tries to prevent problems
in the cardiovascular system (heart and heart vessels)

Cardiopulmonary Technician
 Perfusionist - someone who operates a heart-and-lung machine

ECG/EKG Technician
 Performs tests such as EKGs and stress tests, to help physicians
diagnose and treat problems with the heart and blood vessels

Echocardiogram Technician
 Uses ultrasound to perform specialized tests called echocardiograms
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
36








adequate
carbon dioxide
extremities
oxygen
oxygenated
primarily
unoxygenated
waste products
Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education
37