Transcript Blood pressure & heart disorder Notes

Blood
pressure &
heart
disorder
Notes
(1) Pulse
• Pressure wave that travels through arteries
– Result of contraction and relaxation of artery
– Pulse Rate should = Heart Rate
• Could vary if blood vessel filled with fatty deposits or
damaged interior walls
(2) Blood Pressure
• Pressure blood exerts against vessel walls
• Keeps blood circulating
• Ventricles Contract:
– Blood forced into arteries
– Arteries expand as blood travels through
– Blood moves high  low pressure
• Blood continues to move into areas without blood
• Eventually moves back to heart (when heart empties out)
(3) Measuring Blood Pressure
•
Systolic Pressure
– Pressure in arteries
– Peak of ventricular contraction
•
Diastolic Pressure
– Pressure in ventricles
– Relaxed ventricles
•
Measuring Blood Pressure
1. Cuff is inflated/tightened until cuff pressure is greater than systolic
pressure
2. Blood flow in arm ceases
3. No pulse (heard + felt)
4. Pressure in cuff is reduced  listen for pulse sounds
5. Systolic Blood Pressure = first soft tapping sounds
6. Diastolic Blood Pressure = no more tapping sounds, constant flow
7. Expressed: “Systolic over Diastolic”
(4) Hypotension
• Low blood pressure
• Systolic = 100 and over
• Causes:
– Increase in fitness
– Change in body position and circulation of blood
pressure (sitting  standing)
– Poor nutrition (decreased viscosity)
– Blood loss
(5) Hypertension
• High blood pressure
• Systolic = 140 and over
• Causes:
– Damaged arterial walls
– Fatty deposits
– Increased viscosity of blood
– Increased stress
(6) Coronary Artery Disease
• Blood vessels fill with fat + calcium deposits
• Constricts inner volume of blood vessels
• Severely increases pressure within blood
vessels
• Can build up + not allow blood flow
(7) Congenital Heart Defect
• Common in infants
• Causes:
– Maternal infection
– Drugs
• Defects:
– Valves do not open/close properly
– Septum separating right + left side may not be
complete
– Missing chambers/arteries
(8) Congestive Heart Failure
• Weaking of heart + blood vessels:
– Common in older + unhealthy individuals
• Pumping efficiency decreased:
– Decrease in blood flow
– Decrease in muscle contraction
• Vessels most likely clogged with fat + calcium:
– Leads to straining of heart muscle
– Damage to vessels  scar tissue in repair
(9) Heart Fibrillation
• Rapid uncoordinated shuddering/pulsing of
heart muscle
– Does not allow for proper pumping of blood
– Major cause of heart attack + death in adults
• Tachycardia = rapid heart rate
• Brachycardia = slowed heart rate