Transcript circulatory system

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The transport system for your
body
H&W Outcome
H&W
Throughout this unit, the following
Health and Wellbeing learning outcome
will be covered in great detail:
• I am developing my understanding of the
human body and can use this knowledge to
maintain and improve my wellbeing and
health.
HWB 3-15a / HWB 4-15a
Lesson 8 – Learning outcomes
• Know the function of the circulatory
system
• Know the main organs of the circulatory
system
• Know what substances are carried by the
circulatory system
• Know the structure of the heart, and the
function of each side of the heart
The circulatory system
• We need to deliver various essential substances
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to our cells, and remove waste materials from
our cells.
The blood carries all of these substances from
one place to another.
Your blood carries food (from your digestive
system) and oxygen (from your lungs) to your
body’s cells.
It also carries waste materials away from the
cells.
As well as this, blood carries heat around the
body.
The circulatory system consist of the heart and the blood
vessels.
Arteries are blood vessels which carry blood away from the
heart
Veins are blood vessels which carry blood back to the heart.
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries to
veins.
These are
just some
of the
arteries and
veins of the
body.
• Arteries take blood to all parts of the body.
• They divide many times to form tiny capillaries.
• These supply all the cells of the body with the
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food and oxygen they need.
Veins take blood containing carbon dioxide and
waste materials away from the cells.
The heart is a pump which keeps the blood
moving around the body.
COPY AND COMPLETE
Summary note
• The job of the circulatory system is to _______________
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materials around the body.
The ___________ is a pump which keeps blood moving
around the body.
___________ carry blood away from the heart to the
body. These divide to form very tiny blood vessels called
___________.
Food and ________ goes into the cells while _________
________ and waste leaves the cells.
Capillaries join up to form ___________ which take the
blood back to the heart.
ANSWERS ON THE NEXT SLIDE
ANSWERS
Summary note
• The job of the circulatory system is to move/transport
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materials around the body.
The heart is a pump which keeps blood moving around
the body.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the body.
These divide to form very tiny blood vessels called
capillaries.
Food and oxygen goes into the cells while carbon
dioxide and waste leaves the cells.
Capillaries join up to form veins which take the blood
back to the heart.
The Heart
Your teacher will show you a model of the human heart
• The heart has four
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chambers, two on the left
side and two on the right
side. (Look carefully at
the diagram – what do
you notice!)
The aorta is the main
artery taking blood away
from the heart. It
branches into smaller
arteries which go to all
parts of the body.
Circulation of blood
• The right side pumps
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blood to the lungs to
pick up oxygen and
get rid of carbon
dioxide.
The left side pumps
blood to the rest of
the body.
After delivering oxygen
to the cells, the blood
returns to the right side
of the heart again.
Listen to your heart
• Your teacher will show you how to use the
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stethoscope.
It is important to clean it with disinfectant
before and after you use it.
Place the end of the stethoscope against your
skin, just to the left of the middle of your chest.
Can you hear the two sounds the heart makes
for each beat ?– this sound is sometimes called
‘Lub-DUB’.
Did you know?
• The heart beats about 100,000 times each day.
• The electrocardiograph (ECG) was invented in 1902 by
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Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven. This test is still
used to evaluate the heart's rate and rhythm .
Your system of blood vessels - arteries, veins and
capillaries - is over 60,000 miles long. That's long
enough to go around the world more than twice!
The ‘lub-DUB’ sound of the heart is caused when the
heart valves (like tiny doors) close.
Early Egyptians believed that the heart and other major
organs had wills of their own and would move around
inside the body .
Notes
• Complete pupil sheet ‘The Heart’ and stick
it into your notebook.
aorta
right atrium
left atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
Heart beating animations
• Heart beat animation (15 seconds)
• The ‘glass heart’ animation
• Real footage of a human heart beating –
not for the squeamish!
Videos
• The Heart (includes Heart dissection) 5
mins
• Circulation of blood (performed by
primary pupils) 3 min 28sec
• Circulation (animation) 1min 7 sec
• Follow a blood cell (animation)
Interactive
• Find the heart
• Healthy heart interactive games (British
Heart Foundation)
Test Your Knowledge 8
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Name the organ which pumps blood around the body
Name two substances carried in the blood.
How many chambers are there in the heart?
Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
What name is given to blood vessels which take blood
back to the heart from the body?
6. Name the waste gas produced by cells which is taken
by the bloodstream back to the lungs to be breathed
out.
7. What name is given to the smallest blood vessels in
the body?
ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE
Answers
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Heart
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, food, waste, heat.
Four
Right side
Veins
Carbon dioxide
Capillaries
Lesson 9 – Learning outcomes
• Know about the composition of blood
• Know what each component of blood does
• Know approximately what volume of blood
is in the human body
• Do calculations concerning blood cells
What is blood?
• Blood seems to be a red
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liquid, but the liquid part is
really pale yellow. You can
show this by leaving some
blood to settle.
This liquid is called
plasma.
The red colour is due to
the red blood cells (RBCs).
There are also white blood
cells (WBCs) and platelets.
What does each part of
the blood do?
• Red blood cells are the oxygen carriers.
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Animation of red blood cells
White blood cells are part of the body’s defences and
help to fight infection.
White blood cells engulfing bacteria
Platelets help to heal wounds by clotting the blood at the
site of an injury.
Action of platelets at a wound
Plasma is mainly water and carries dissolved food,
waste, carbon dioxide and many other chemicals around
the body.
Blood cells
Lots of red blood cells and
one white blood cell
White blood cells stained purple
COPY AND COMPLETE
Functions of blood
• Copy and complete the table to show the function of
each part of the blood
Part of blood
Appearance
Red blood
cells
Disc shaped cells
Irregular shaped
cells
Small fragments
Pale yellowy liquid
Function
Clotting of blood
Carries food,
waste and
carbon dioxide
ANSWERS
Functions of blood
• Copy and complete the table to show the function of
each part of the blood
Part of blood
Appearance
Function
Red blood
cells
Disc shaped cells
Carry oxygen
White blood
cells
Platelets
Irregular shaped
cells
Small fragments
Fight infection
Plasma
Pale yellowy liquid
Carries food,
waste and
carbon dioxide
Clotting of blood
How much blood?
• Look at the jar containing the ‘blood’.
• This represents the average volume of
blood in the human body.
• Estimate how much blood you have in
your body and write it down in your
notebook.
Were you right?
• The average volume of blood in the
human body is
5 litres
How many blood cells?
• Each millilitre of blood contains about 5 million
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white blood cells.
There are 1000 red blood cells for every white
blood cell.
Try these calculations
1. Calculate the number of red blood cells in one
millilitre.
2. Calculate the number of red blood cells in the
average human body.
Answers
• 1. 5000 million
• 2. 25 million million
(Is this 25 billion or 25 trillion?)
Link to Oxford Dictionary definition
Test Your Knowledge 9
1. Which type of blood cells are involved in
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fighting infection?
Which type of blood cells carry oxygen?
What is the function of platelets?
What name is given to the liquid part of the
blood that the cells float in?
Approximately how much blood is in the
human body?
ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE
Answers
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White
Red
Clotting of the blood at a wound
Plasma
Approximately 5 litres
Lesson 10 - Learning outcomes
• Know the effect of exercise on the heart
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rate (pulse rate)
• Learn about different ways to take a pulse
• Carry out an investigation to show how
heart rate is affected by level of exercise
• Understand why this happens
• Know the relationship between resting
heart rate and fitness
COPY
How fast does your heart beat?
• Every time your heart beats, it causes a
H&W
pulse in your arteries.
• This pulse can be felt at your wrist or your
neck.
• Measuring your pulse rate tells you how
fast your heart is beating. (Pulse rate =
heart rate)
• Pulse rate is measured in beats per
minute.
Taking a pulse
H&W
• There are two places you can feel a pulse
– your wrist or your neck. Look carefully
at the pictures and then try each method.
How does exercise affect your
heart rate?
• You will investigate the effect of exercise on the heart
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rate.
You will measure your pulse rate sitting down, after
having been sitting for at least 5 minutes.
Your teacher will then tell you what gentle exercise to
do.
You will measure your pulse rate again, as soon as you
have stopped.
Next your teacher will tell you what vigorous exercise to
do.
As soon as you stop, measure your pulse rate again.
Before you start you must prepare a results table
(next slide).
COPY AND COMPLETE
Effect of exercise on pulse rate
Activity
At rest
After gentle exercise
(eg walking)
After vigorous exercise
(eg running on spot)
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Pulse rate (beats per
minute)
Conclusion
H&W
Discuss with a partner and answer these
questions in sentences.
1. What effect does increased activity have
on the heart rate?
2. Explain why this happens.
3. When do you think your heart rate is at
its lowest?
Heart rate and fitness
H&W
• Your resting heart rate can give an indication of how fit
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you are.
The average resting heart rate for a healthy adult is 72
beats per minute.
The lower the resting heart rate, the fitter the person is.
You can monitor your own fitness level over time by
checking your resting heart rate regularly.
Compare the resting heart rate you got
in your Science class with the resting rate
you got in PE (this should be noted in
your planner).
Are they similar? If not, why do you think
this is?
COPY AND COMPLETE
Conclusion
• As exercise level increases, the pulse rate
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H&W
_______________.
This means that the heart is beating _______________,
which sends more blood around the body.
This is necessary because the muscle cells need more
_________ and ____________ when they are working
harder.
A fit person will have a ______ resting heart rate.
The average heart rate for a healthy adult is ______
beats per __________.
Test Your Knowledge 10
1. Name two places on the body where you can feel a
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pulse.
When you feel a pulse, what kind of blood vessel are
you feeling – artery or vein?
Jacob has a pulse rate of 70 beats per minute. What is
his heart rate?
Alisha has a resting heart rate of 59 beats per minute.
Who is fitter – Jacob or Alisha?
Why does the heart beat faster when you are running?
(Mention leg muscles in your answer)
ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE
Answers
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Wrist and neck
Artery
70 beats per minute
Alisha
Your leg muscles need more food and
oxygen delivered to them as they are
using up more energy.
Lesson 11 – Learning outcomes
• Understand the cellular process of
respiration
• Know the difference between respiration
and breathing
• Know the link between respiration,
breathing, digestion of food and
circulation
Respiration – Cells releasing energy
• Once our food has been digested, it is absorbed
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into the blood and delivered to our cells by the
blood.
The oxygen we take in at the lungs is also
delivered to our cells.
Our cells use oxygen to release energy from the
food. This is the energy which keeps all our cells
alive and allows us to move, keep warm and
grow.
This chemical reaction in our cells is called
respiration. It is the reason why we have to eat
and breathe.
Respiration – Cells Releasing
Energy
A human cell
Carbon dioxide
Digested food
COPY this slide
water
Oxygen
ENERGY is produced for heat,
movement etc.
The carbon dioxide and water produced by respiration
are taken away by the blood.
COPY AND COMPLETE
Respiration and breathing
• Respiration equation
Food + Oxygen
Energy +Carbon Dioxide +Water
•Respiration happens inside every ______of the
body. It is a chemical reaction which releases
energy from _______.
•Breathing happens inside the _____.
It is necessary to supply the ______
for respiration and to remove the
_______ __________ produced by
respiration.
COPY
Body systems working together
• In order to keep our cells supplied with energy,
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several body systems work together.
The digestive system breaks down food and gets
it into the blood.
The breathing system adds oxygen to the blood
The circulatory system delivers this digested
food and oxygen to the cells which need it for
respiration. It also takes the carbon dioxide
produced by respiration back to the lungs to be
breathed out.
Test Your Knowledge 11
1. Name the chemical reaction which releases energy
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from food.
What gas is needed for this reaction?
What gas is produced by this reaction?
State two things that the energy produced from this is
used for by the body.
Why is breathing important for respiration?
Why is digestion important for respiration?
Why is the circulatory system important for respiration?
ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE
Answers
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Respiration
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Growth, heat, movement, keeping cells alive
Supplies the oxygen
Supplies the digested food
Delivers the food and oxygen to all cells
Research task
LITERACY
• Prepare a leaflet from A4 paper or a
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poster which gives people advice on how
to keep their heart and circulatory system
healthy.
• Include information on diet, exercise and
health risks to avoid.
• Make it colourful and attractive.
• Put a title and your name on your piece of
work .
Literacy Outcomes
LITERACY
• Throughout the writing process, I can review and edit
my writing independently to ensure that it meets its
purpose and communicates meaning clearly at first
reading.
LIT 4-23a
• I can use a range of strategies and resources
independently and ensure that my spelling, including
specialist vocabulary, is accurate.
LIT 4-21a
• I enjoy creating texts of my choice and I am
developing my own style. I can regularly select
subject, purpose, format and resources to suit the
needs of my audience.
LIT 4-20a