Transcript Circulatory Power Point

The CIRCULATORY System
Unit 3
Transportation Systems
Combining Forms
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Arteri/o
Cardi/o
Erythr/o
Leuk/o
Phleb/o
Scler/o
Thromb/o
Vascul/o
Ven/o
artery
heart
red
white
vein
hardening
blood clot
vessel
vein
Prefixes/Suffixes
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A- or an- without or not
Brady- slow
Tachy- fast
-ar
pertaining to
-cyte
cell
-emia
blood condition
-gram
recording of
-itis
inflammation of
• -logist
• -lysis
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someone who
studies
destruction,
loosening
-megaly enlargement
-ole
small
-oma
tumor
-ous
pertaining to
-stenosis narrowing,
stricture
• -tomy
to cut, incision
Abbreviations/ Terms
• BP
• CBC
• CPR
• EKG
• MI
• P
• RBC
• WBC
blood pressure
complete blood
count
Cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
electrocardiogram
myocardial
infarction/ heart
attack
pulse
red blood cell
white blood cell
• Diastole
• Embolism
period of relaxation
undissolved matter
that travels
• Malaise
• Systole
• Thrombus
not feeling well
period of
contraction
blood clot
Functions of the Circulatory System
• Transportation of
– nutrients and waste
– heat
– oxygen and carbon dioxide
– hormones
– antibodies
Structures of the Circulatory
System
Systemic System
Pulmonary System
Heart Location and Structures
• The heart is found in the
Thoracic Cavity between
the lungs, slightly left of
center.
• The base is the broad flat
top of the heart
• The apex is the pointy
bottom of the heart
• Coronary arteries and
veins run blood to and
from the myocardium
Heart
• Hollow organ
• Pumps blood throughout the body
• Three layers:
endocardium, myocardium, and
pericardium
• Four chambers
– Right and left atria
– Right and left ventricles
• Four valves
– Bicuspid (mitral), tricuspid,
pulmonary and aortic semilunars
Layers of the Heart
• Endocardium
– Inside lining, covers all walls and valves
– Made of epithelial and connective tissues
– Important because of the volume of blood that
flows through the heart
• Myocardium
– Bulk of the heart
– Made of cardiac muscle
– Thickest around left ventricle
• Pericardium
– Serous membrane around the heart
– Has a visceral and parietal layer
The 4 Chambers of the Heart
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Receives blood from veins;
pumps to right ventricle.
Receives blood from lungs;
pumps to left ventricle.
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Pumps blood to the lungs.
Pumps blood through the
aorta to the body.
The 4 Valves
• Bicuspid / Mitral
– Between left atrium and ventricle
– Has two flaps
• Tricuspid
– Between right atrium and ventricle
– Has three flaps
• Pulmonary Semilunar
– From the right ventricle leading to the lungs
through the pulmonary artery
• Aortic Semilunar
– From the left ventricle leading to the body through
the aorta
• The Anatomy of the Heart
Conduction System
• The heart has it’s own electrical system
that controls the rhythm of heart
contractions.
• SA Node (pacemaker of the heart)
– Sinoatrial Node
– Atrium contract
– Impulse excites AV node
• AV Node (atrioventricular node)
• Bundle of HIS
• Bundle Branches
• Purkinje Fibers
– Ventricles contract
– conduction system in the heart
Blood Vessels
• Closed system for flow of blood
• Three types of vessels:
– Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins
Vein
Artery
Valve
Arterioles
Venules
Capillarybed
Blood Vessels
• Arteries
– Take blood away from the heart
– Under high pressure
– Used to take pulses
– Squirt when cut
• Veins
– Take blood towards the heart
– Have valves to help push blood against gravity
– Constant flow when cut
• Capillaries
– Between arteries and veins
– Only one cell thick to allow gas and nutrient exchange
– So tiny only one blood cell at a time can go through
Pulses
• The pulse is caused by the contraction
of the left ventricle and the wave of
blood that it pushes into the arteries
• Common Pulses
– Carotid
– Radial
Blood Pressure
• Has two parts:
– Systolic
• Measures the pressure in the arteries when
the left ventricle contracts
• The top number
– Diastolic
• Measures the pressure in the arteries when
the left ventricle is relaxed and filling
• The bottom number
Blood
• Provides vital transportation for the
body
• Four components
– Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• Carry O2 and CO2
– White blood cells (leukocytes)
• Fight disease
– Platelets (thrombocytes)
• Clot blood
– Plasma
• Fluid part the others travel in
Blood
Pathway of Blood
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Rt Atrium
Tricuspid valve
Rt Ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar
valve
• Pulmonary arteries
• Lung
• Pulmonary veins
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Lt Atrium
Mitral valve (bicuspid)
Lt Ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Aorta
Arteries
Body
Veins
Sup/Inf Vena Cavas
Diseases and Disorders
Circulatory
System
Anemia
• Blood disorder where capacity of the
blood to transport oxygen is decreased
• Usually red blood cell count is diminished
• Causes:
– Internal bleeding, vitamin deficiencies,
decreased RBC production, increase in
RBC destruction by spleen
• Symptoms:
– Fatigue, chest pain, skin pallor,
increased heart rate, difficulty breathing
• Treatment:
– Iron supplements, vitamin supplements,
blood transfusions, and erythropoietin
Heart Attack (myocardial infarction)
• Coronary artery or a branch of the coronary
artery is blocked
• Symptoms:
– Chest pain
– Crushing pressure behind the breastbone and chest
pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen, shoulder
or left arm
– Nausea
– Vomiting
– Difficulty breathing
– Anxiety or fear
• Treatment:
– Oxygen, nitroglycerin, pain meds, blood thinners,
antiplatelet meds, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors,
and surgical procedures
High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)
• Blood pressure is chronically elevated
• Can contribute to coronary artery disease,
strokes, kidney failure, and sudden rupture of the
aorta
• Sustained systolic blood pressure of over 140 or a
sustained diastolic blood pressure of over 90 is
considered hypertension
• Usually there are no symptoms other than a mild
headache
• Treatment usually
involves medications
Atherosclerosis
• Build-up of fatty deposits on the inner
walls of arteries
• Restricts the flow of blood
• Fats and other particles combine to form
plaque
• Calcium can be deposited by plaque and
cause the area to harden
• Treatment includes medications and diet
to reduce fats and cholesterol levels,
exercise and weight loss is also
recommended