Transcript Objective: You will be able to name and give the function of the

Objective:
You will be able to trace the flow
of blood through the heart.
Do Now:
• Read all of p. 945
• What is the function of the valves in the
heart?
Transport
• Transport involves absorbing substances
in the blood and circulating it through the
body
• Materials that the blood carries includes
dissolved and suspended materials
Blood
• Connects the intercellular fluid to the organs
that exchange nutrients, gasses and wastes
Figure 42.4 Vertebrate
Circulatory Systems
AMPHIBIANS
REPTILES (EXCEPT BIRDS)
MAMMALS AND BIRDS
Lung and skin capillaries
Lung capillaries
Lung capillaries
FISHES
Gill capillaries
Artery
Gill
circulation
Pulmocutaneous
circuit
Right
systemic
aorta
A
A
Heart:
ventricle (V)
A
Atrium (A)
Systemic
circulation
Vein
Systemic capillaries
V
Left
Right
Systemic
circuit
Systemic capillaries
V
Right
Pulmonary
circuit
Pulmonary
circuit
Left
Systemic
V aorta
Left
A
Systemic capillaries
A
V
Right
A
V
Left
Systemic
circuit
Systemic capillaries
Heart
• The two atria receive blood returning to
the heart
– They are thin walled
• The ventricles pump blood out of the heart
– They have very thick walls
The Heart
• It is a pump that sends blood throughout
the body
• It is made of muscle we call cardiac
muscle
• It is separated into left and right halves by
the septum
• It has four chambers
– Two atria receive the blood coming back to
the heart
– Two ventricles pump the blood out to the body
Figure 42.6 The mammalian
heart: a closer look
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary
artery
Anterior vena cava
Right atrium
Left
atrium
Pulmonary
veins
Pulmonary
veins
Semilunar
valve
Semilunar
valve
Atrioventricular
valve
Atrioventricular
valve
Posterior
vena cava
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Figure 42.5 The mammalian heart: a closer look
Right
Atrium
Left
Atrium
Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system: an overview
Circulation types
• Pulmonary circulation is the flow of
blood from the heart to the lungs and back
to the heart
• Systemic circulation is the flow of blood
from the heart to the rest of the body and
back to the heart
– Coronary circulation is a PART of systemic
– Coronary supplies blood to the heart through
coronary arteries
Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system: an overview
Heartbeat
• The pacemaker sends an electrical
impulse which cause the cells of the heart
to contract
Figure 42.7 The cardiac cycle
Semilunar
valves
closed
2
0.1 sec
0.3 sec
0.4 sec
Atrial systole;
ventricular
diastole
Semilunar
valves
open
AV valve
open
1
Atrial and
ventricular
diastole
AV valve
closed
3 Ventricular systole;
atrial diastole
Figure 42.8 The control of heart rhythm
1 Pacemaker generates
wave of signals
to contract.
SA node
(pacemaker)
ECG
2 Signals are delayed
3 Signals pass
to heart apex.
at AV node.
AV node
4 Signals spread
throughout
ventricles.
Bundle
branches
Heart
apex
Purkinje
fibers
Objective:
• You will be able to identify the chambers
and major blood vessels of the heart.
Heart Dissection
• Find the four chambers of the heart
• Identify the flowing structures
– Valves
– Vena cava
– Pulmonary artery
– Pulmonary vein
– Aorta
• You find these structures by using your
fingers
Objective:
• You will be able to explain the physiology
behind blood pressure.
Blood pressure
• Refers to the pressure on the arteries
when the ventricles contract.
• The contraction period is called systole
– Greatest pressure on the arteries
• The non-contraction period is called
diastole
– Lowest pressure on the arteries
• A blood pressure of 120/70 means:
– Systolic number is 120
– Diastolic number is 70
Figure 42.12 Measurement of
blood pressure (layer 4)
Blood pressure
Reading: 120/170
Pressure
in cuff
above120
Rubber cuff
inflated
with air
Artery
120
Pressure
in cuff
below 120
Pressure
in cuff
below 70
120
70
Sounds
audible in
stethoscope
Artery
closed
Sounds
stop
Objective: You will be able to name and
give the function of the components of the
blood.
Do Now:
• Read all of p. 943
• Compare the circulatory system with a city
Blood
• Blood consists of the liquid plasma and a
variety of cells
• Plasma is the liquid part of the blood
– Mostly consists of water
– Carries everything including wastes, CO2,
antibodies, etc…
• Does NOT carry O2
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
• Carry oxygen
– Hemoglobin on the RBC’s carry the O2
– An RBC does not have a nucleus
Platelets
• Platelets are involved with clotting
– Platelets near an injury rupture and release a
chemical
– This chemical causes an enzyme-controlled
series of reactions to form a clot
Platelets
White Blood Cells (WBC)
• White blood cells have a nucleus
• They fight off bacteria and viruses
– These “bad things” are called antigens
• There are two types of WBC’s
– Phagocytic WBC’s engulf the antigens
– Lymphocytes make antibodies that attack the
antigens
Phagocyte
Paired Lab Activity
I vant your blood!
WBC
RBC
Objective:
You will be able to explain how
antibodies can be used to type blood.
Do Now:
• Read the section on blood vessels on p.
946-947
• List the characteristics of arteries, veins
and capillaries
Figure 14.10x ABO blood types
Objective:
You will be able to differentiate
between the types of blood vessels.
Do Now:
• Read the section on blood vessels on p.
946-947
• List the characteristics of arteries, veins
and capillaries
Blood Vessels
• Arteries transport blood away from the
heart
– They have thick, muscular walls
Blood Vessels
• Veins transport blood to the heart
– They have thin walls
– Contain valves to prevent the backflow of
blood
Blood Vessels
• Capillaries have walls that are only one
cell thick
– The exchange material with the blood and the
intercellular fluid (ICF)
Intercellular Fluid (ICF)
• ICF surrounds all of the cells of the body
and exchanges materials with the blood
and the cells
– It is mostly made up of water
• The ICF is picked up by lymph vessels
and is now called lymph
– Lymph vessels are one cell thick and contain
valves
Tissue cell
Capillary
Direction of
blood flow
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
Net fluid
movement out
Net fluid
movement in
Capillary
Red
blood
cell
15 m
Lymph
• The lymph vessels bring the lymph to
lymph nodes
• Phagocytic WBC there, clean the lymph of
bacteria and dead cells
• Once the lymph is cleaned, it is returned to
the blood
Objective:
You will be able to differentiate
between the types of blood vessels.
Do Now:
• Read the section called “The Heart” on p.
944
• Differentiate between the atria and the
ventricles
Objective:
You will be able to differentiate
between the disorders of the circulatory system.
Do Now:
• Read the section called “Consequences of
Atherosclerosis” on p. 950
• List the symptoms of a heart attack
Circulatory Malfunctions
• Cardiovascular diseases are malfunctions
that affect the heart and blood vessels
– High blood pressure is characterized by
having high pressure on the arteries. It
damages the arteries and weakens the heart
– Heart attacks include
• Angina pectoris which is a partial blockage of a
coronary artery
• Coronary thrombosis which is a complete
blockage of a coronary artery
Malfunctions continued
• Blood conditions
– Anemia is the inability of the blood to
transport enough oxygen
• May be caused by low amount of hemoglobin or
low amount of RBC’s
– Leukemia is a cancer that affects the bone
marrow.
• Blood is produced in the bone marrow. So this
cancer is the uncontrolled production of
nonfunctional WBC’s
Research
• Find another disorder of the circulatory
system and
•
•
•
•
Describe the disorder in a few sentences
What are its causes
List its major symptoms
Prevention and/or treatment
• This report should be approximately 1
page in length