Chapter 9: The Circulatory System
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Transcript Chapter 9: The Circulatory System
Part 1
Anatomy of Blood and the Heart
What’s in your blood?
Functions of Blood Cells
Anatomy of the Heart
The heart pumps
blood throughout
your body
Blood picks up and
drops off different
substances to
ensure that cells
have oxygen and
carbon dioxide as
well as other waste
products are
properly disposed
of
Considered a connective
tissue
When your blood is
centrifuged (spun really
fast) it separates
materials by density
Your blood consists of a
liquid component called
plasma
You blood also consists
of 3 formed components
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
92% is water
8% is made of plasma
proteins, salt, nutrients,
urea, hormones and
vitamins
3 Types of Plasma
Proteins
Albumin – maintains
proper osmotic
pressure
Fibrinogen – helps
with clotting
Immunoglobulin –
AKA antibodies
AKA Erythrocytes
RBCs contain a protein
called hemoglobin
which carries oxygen
Oxyhemoglobin is
bright red (makes your
arteries look red)
Deoxyhemoglobin is
purplish-blue (makes
your veins look blue
Live for about 4 months
AKA leukocytes
Not as many WBCs as
RBCs
Fight off invading
microbes, bacteria,
viruses
Two main types of
WBCs
Granular Leukocytes
Agranular Leukocytes
White Blood Cell Functions
Type of White Blood Cell
Specific Functions
Granular Leukocytes
Eosinophils
Numbers increase during allergic reactions
and parasitic infections
Neutrophils
First to respond to infections - phagocytize
Basophils
Seep out of vessels at site of injury and
release histamine to dilate vessels
Agranular Leukocytes - Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Form antibodies to fight infection
T lymphocytes
Destroy cells that contain foreign material
Monocytes
Mature into macrophages, engulf diseasecausing microbes, stimulate other WBCs into
action
AKA thrombocyte
Tiny fragments of cells
Large cells in the bone
marrow called
megakaryocytes break
into fragments which are
platelets
Help the clotting process
by plugging up the
injured blood vessels
Main organ of the
circulatory system
The heart is the driving
force behind the
movement of the blood
The pressure is
generates by the
pumping action, forces
the blood through the
vessels
The heart lies between
the lungs and behind
and slightly to the left
of the sternum
Pericardium/Pericardial
Tissue: thick layer of
muscle tissue and a
protective membrane that
folds into two layers
surrounding the heart
Endothelial Tissue:
endothelial tissue that
lines the inside of the heart
and is continuous with all
your blood vessels
Pericardial Cavity:
Coronary vessels –
blood vessels that
supply the tissues
of the heart with
nutrients and
oxygen
Myocardium:
muscular layer of
the heart
Epicardium: inner layer of
the pericardium, covers the
myocardium and secretes
perocardial fluid to help
lubricate so tissues don’t
rub together during
contraction
Parietal Pericardium:
outermost layer of the heart,
thin, white, fibrous
connective tissue that joins
the major blood vessels
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Interatrial Septum –
wall dividing the two
atria
Interventricular
Septum – wall
dividing the two
ventricles
The heart contains several
valves
Valves keep blood flowing in
the right direction on the
pathway and allows the right
amount of blood into each
chamber
The names of the valves can
tell you their location or
certain characteristics
Semilunar Valves - half
moons
Atrioventricular Valves
(AV) – between the atria and
ventricles
Bicuspid Valve – 2 flaps
Tricuspid Valve – 3 flaps
What are the 3 formed components of blood?
List some of the types of white blood cells
What is the name of the thin fibrous tissue that
covers the heart?
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Under what conditions does blood look purplish
blue?
What types of substances are carried in plasma?
What is the purpose of the circulatory system?