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Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting Administrative and Clinical Competencies Second Edition CHAPTER CHAPTER 49 Electrocardiography Lesson 1: Heart Structure and Function Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Lesson Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to … • Define and spell the terms for this chapter. Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Heart Review Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Critical Thinking Question 1. Trace the blood flow through the heart. Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Function of the Cardiovascular System • To carry oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues of the body Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Function of the Cardiovascular System • Deoxygenated blood then circulates through the body and discharges carbon dioxide, the waste product of cell metabolism, from the lungs • Blood circulates throughout the body and returns from the general circulation by way of the superior and inferior vena cava, to the right atrium, moving in one direction through the heart Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Function of the Cardiovascular System • When the right atrium is full, the atrium contracts and blood is pumped into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Function of the Cardiovascular System • On filling, blood is pumped by contraction of the right ventricle through the semilunar valves into the pulmonary artery going to the lungs • There, blood is oxygenated and returned to the left atrium through the four pulmonary veins • When that chamber is full, it contracts and blood is squeezed into the left ventricle through the mitral (bicuspid) valve • In the left ventricle, blood enters the aortic semilunar valve and moves into all parts of the body except the lungs Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Function of the Cardiovascular System • Blood travels to all parts of the body via the aorta and then goes into all other arteries Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Function of the Cardiovascular System • Heart muscle receives supply of oxygen and nutrients through the coronary artery system • Blood that flows through the heart to the body is not used for energy for the heart tissues Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Function of the Cardiovascular System • As blood leaves the left ventricle rich with oxygen it enters immediately into aorta and the coronary arteries to supply the heart muscle • Deoxygenated blood returns to the general circulation through the cardiac veins which empty into the coronary sinus in the right atrium Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Heart Valves • Act as gates to prevent the backward flow of blood • Open and shut in response to the changing pressure brought about by cardiac contraction and relaxation Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Conduction System of the Heart Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Conduction System of the Heart • The SA Node normally serves as the pacemaker of the heart • If the SA Node fails, other areas may serve as the pacemaker as well – AV Node: will generate slower rates (40-60 beats per minute) – Bundle of His: will generate rates less than 40 beats per minute – Purkinje system: will also generate rhythms in an emergency • SA Node: Normal resting rate of 60-80 beats per minute Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Heart Sounds Associated with Abnormal Conditions • Heart murmurs, caused by: – Damaged valves – Regurgitation or back flow of blood through a valve – High flow rates – All of which cause a kind of turbulence • Gallops or galloping rhythm – An abnormal rhythm indicated by three distinct sounds in each heartbeat similar to the sounds of a galloping horse Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Questions? Pearson's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 2/e Beaman • Fleming-McPhillips • Routh • Gohsman • Reagan Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.