Transcript Emergency Guidelines for California Schools

Emergency First Aid
Guidelines for
California Schools
An Overview of Content
And How to Use
Purpose
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To serve as a basic “what to do in an emergency”
for school staff with or without medical training.
The guidelines were created as a recommended
procedure.
In a true emergency situation use your best
judgment.
It is strongly recommended…
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…that staff who are in a position to provide
first-aid to students complete an approved
first-aid and CPR course.
…that you familiarize yourself with the
format of the guidelines prior to the actual
emergency situation.
…that you use the guidelines for reference
before, during and/or after an event.
What do the Guidelines address?
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Emergency procedures
When to call 9-1-1
Basic information on infection control
Information on emergency planning
Planning for persons with special needs
Recommended first-aid equipment
Emergency phone numbers
The Design
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Alphabetical order with tabs
Flow charts guide you through decision
steps to treat common illnesses and injuries
Flow charts use color-coded shapes to clarify
steps
Key to Shapes and Colors
START HERE
This note provides
background
information.
This type of box
should be read
before emergencies
occur.
Key to Shapes and Colors
NO
? Question Being Asked?
You need to choose
based on person’s condition.
Follow the pathway for your answer.
Provides First-Aid Instructions
YES
Key to Shapes and Colors
STOP HERE.
This is the
final
instruction.
Final instruction for the
algorithm. In some
emergencies, multiple
algorithms may be used.
Additional Information
or
Signs and Symptoms
Key to Shapes and Colors
TIME TO CALL 9-1-1
• There may be additional directions to
continue care or see another algorithm.
Don’t Delay 9-1-1 When Needed
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Have someone contact the 911 system, as
soon as possible, after it is known that
their assistance is needed. Delay in
accessing the 911 system could result
in worsening of a person’s condition
and may lead to additional injury.
Direct Fire/Ambulance
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Have someone meet fire or ambulance
response units
Give directions to location of person.
Always Remember ABCs
Airway – Open the airway – 1st
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No Air in, all else is lost.
Breathing – Ensure Breathing – 2nd
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You may need to breath for the person or do CPR
Circulation (i.e., bleeding) – 3rd
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Heart beating or CPR – Nothing else matters
Control Bleeding – Prevent the loss of blood
Call 9-1-1 For:
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Blocked Airway
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Unable to get air into lungs (i.e., choking)
Difficulty Breathing
Absent or labored breathing
 Wheezing due to an allergic reaction (i.e., after a
bee sting)
 Near drowning – even if awake and appears ok
water can have a delayed effect on lungs
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Call 9-1-1 for
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Uncontrollable Bleeding – you can’t stop it
Unconsciousness
After any injury
 If person has history of Diabetes
 Unexplained reason
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Head Injury
Possible Poisoning
Call 9-1-1 Immediately
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GET ADVANCED MEDICAL HELP ASAP
Answer Questions
Follow Instructions
Do Not Hang Up
Stay Calm
Provide First Aid until ambulance arrives
WHAT TO DO FIRST
CHECK FOR
RESPONSIVENESS
If Unresponsive, send someone to call 9-1-1
AIRWAY
ENSURE AIRWAY IS OPEN. If patient is
unconscious use head tilt-chin lift or jaw thrust
WHAT TO DO NEXT
BREATHING
ENSURE PERSON IS BREATHING
LOOK, LISTEN, AND FEEL for breathing. If no
breathing, SEE CPR and Give Rescue Breaths
CIRCULATION
CHECK FOR SIGNS OF CIRCULATION (Pulse,
movement, breathing, color). If no signs of
circulation, SEE CPR. CONTROL BLEEDING
DO NOT FORGET THESE
DISABILITY -
TREAT INJURIES/ILLNESS THAT
MAY RESULT IN DISABILITY. (Head injuries, spine
injuries, and fractures will need medical attention)
FIRST AID / MEDICAL AID
Provide first aid and medical support to most
serious injuries/illness risks first.
Which One First?
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Scenario
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Child falls from
bleachers
Dirty, abrasions
Bleeding scalp
Unconscious, then
awakes
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Remember ABC’s
1.
2.
3.
4.
Unconscious due to injury
– call 911
Is awake, therefore airway
open & breathing
Bleeding, See “Bleeding”
apply direct pressure
Abrasions, See “Cuts,
Scratches & Scraps”
Ready to Try One?
Try this One
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Child is holding hand and tells teacher he was
bitten by a dog. There is some blood oozing
from several small punctures/scrapes. Child
otherwise is crying and looks normal.
BITES (Human & Animal)
 Press firmly with a clean
dressing/cloth on bleeding site
 “See Bleeding”
Yes
Is the person bleeding?
No
•Hold bite area under running water
for 2-3 minutes
•Wash with soap and water
•If wound bled, apply clean bandage
No
Is bite large or gaping?
Is blood spurting?
Yes
Is bleeding
uncontrolled?
Yes CALL 9-1-1
See “Bleeding”
No
If bite is from a snake, scorpion or other reptile,
hold the bitten area still and below the level of
the heart.
Call POISON CONTROL CENTER
1-800-876-4766
See “Snake Bite”, if appropriate
 Don’t try to catch or touch the
animal
 Get description and location
of animal
 Report to Animal Control or
proper authority, usually the
local Health Department, so
that animal can be caught &
watched for rabies
No
Is bite from a human?
Yes
Check immunization record for DT,
DPT (tetanus). See “Tetanus” for
more information.
Contact responsible school nurse or
administrator and parents/legal
guardians. Inform if a human bite
that both the person bitten and the
person biting may have been
exposed to blood from other
person.
ENCOURAGE IMMEDIATE
MEDICAL CARE
File Incident Report
The
Whole
Thing
BITES (Human & Animal)
Yes decision Leads
to action box
Is the person bleeding?
YES  Press firmly with a clean
dressing/cloth on bleeding
site
 See “Bleeding”
BITES – First Aid
Is the person bleeding?
YES
NO
 Hold bite area under
running water for 2-3
minutes
 Wash with soap and water
 If wound bled, apply clean
bandage
• Press firmly with a clean
dressing/cloth on bleeding site
• See “Bleeding”
NO Is bite large or gaping?
Is blood spurting?
First Aid
Steps
BITES (Con’t)
 Press firmly with a clean
dressing/cloth on bleeding site
 See “Bleeding”
Different
Action
steps
NO
Emergent condition,
do you need 9-1-1?
Is bite large or gaping?
Is blood spurting?
YES
GET
HELP!
CALL 9-1-1
See “Bleeding”
BITES – Next Steps
Bandage
YES
Is bleeding uncontrolled?
If bite is from a snake, scorpion
or other reptile, hold the bitten
area still and below the level of
the heart.
Call POISON CONTROL
CENTER
1-800-876-4766
See “Snake Bite”, if appropriate.
NO
Is bite from a human?
YES
Use Poison
Control, and
follow directions
BITES – Last Steps
 Don’t try to catch or touch the animal
 Get description and location of animal
 Report to Animal Control or proper
authority, usually the local Health
Department, so that animal can be caught
& watched for rabies
Check immunization record
for DT, DPT (tetanus). See
“Tetanus” for more
information.
Contact responsible school
authority and parents/legal
guardians. Inform if a human bite
that both the person bitten and the
person biting may have been
exposed to blood from other
person.
ENCOURAGE IMMEDIATE
MEDICAL CARE
File Incident Report
The
END
BITES (Human & Animal)
 Press firmly with a clean
dressing/cloth on bleeding site
 “See Bleeding”
Yes
Is the person bleeding?
No
No
•Hold bite area under running water
for 2-3 minutes
•Wash with soap and water
•If wound bled, apply clean bandage
Is bite large or gaping?
Is blood spurting?
Is bleeding
uncontrolled?
CALL 9-1-1
See “Bleeding”
No
If bite is from a snake, scorpion or other reptile,
hold the bitten area still and below the level of
the heart.
Call POISON CONTROL CENTER
1-800-876-4766
See “Snake Bite”, if appropriate
 Don’t try to catch or touch the
animal
 Get description and location
of animal
 Report to Animal Control or
proper authority, usually the
local Health Department, so
that animal can be caught &
watched for rabies
No
Is bite from a human?
Yes
Check immunization record for DT,
DPT (tetanus). See “Tetanus” for
more information.
Contact responsible school nurse or
administrator and parents/legal
guardians. Inform if a human bite
that both the person bitten and the
person biting may have been
exposed to blood from other
person.
ENCOURAGE IMMEDIATE
MEDICAL CARE
File Incident Report
The
Whole
Thing
Implementing the Guidelines
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Review the Guidelines in advance
Write down your local emergency phone
numbers
Make available to all who might use
Provide training to staff.
Encourage all school staff to take 1st Aid and CPR
training.
Check with designated first aid person and local
policies.