Transcript RESEARCH - Mount Logan Middle School

RESEARCH
1.diligent and systematic inquiry or
investigation into a subject in order to
discover or revise facts, theories,
applications, etc.
Choose a Utah History Topic
Between 1847-1896
IDEAS:
Person
Event
Organization
Place
Idea
Sources
• Must be published material.
• Three Separate Sources
– Utah History text book can be one
– ONE can be an encyclopedia
• Most research will be done in the classroom
and in the MLMS library, but the student
may also be responsible for some work at
home or other area libraries.
Process
• Select topic
• Develop research questions and keywords
• Research
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Find sources
Read sources
Complete notecards
Complete bibliography entries
• Create PowerPoint
• Create Bibliography
• Present
Presenting Your Findings
• Power Point presentation
– 10 slides – 20 maximum, including the title page
– Each slide must have text and a picture or
graphic
• At least 50% of the pictures must be historical.
• A typed bibliography
– MLA format is required
– Turned in with research folder
• All research materials will be included in the folder.
Grading
• Students will be graded on sources,
content, mechanics attractiveness,
presentation and adherence to
requirements. A rubric will be used to
score the project.
• Grades will be given throughout the
whole process for all parts.
Understanding the Assignment
• What will my purpose
be?
• How should I sound as
a writer?
• Who will my audience
be?
• Where will I get my
authority?
umassd.edu
Finding a Topic
“Thinking early leads to starting early.”
-Jack Baker & Allen Brizee
contracosta.edu
• You will be spending a lot of time with
this topic, so it should provoke some kind
of response from you
• Research a topic that interests you or a
problem that intrigues you
• Find a topic that you already know
something about or that you would like to
know more about
Baker & Brizee, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/658/03/
It Can Be Tough…
…but it doesn’t have to
be!
1) Brainstorm
2) Share ideas
3) Choose one that
interests you, or one
you have questions
about!
Arches National Park
Chief Walkara
James Buchanan
John Gunnison
Possible
Topics
Butch Cassidy
William Drummond
The Walker War
Bear River Massacre
Black Hawk War
Jacob Hamblin
First schools in Utah
The Salt Lake Tribune
Deseret News
African Americans in early
Utah
Brigham Young
Utah War
Mountain Meadows Massacre
Camp Floyd
Albert Johnston
John D. Lee
Orrin Porter Rockwell
Episcopalian Church
Deseret Alphabet
ZCMI
Beehive House
Lion House
Salt Lake Theater
Midwives
Mining towns in the
1800s
Corrine
Patrick Edward Connor
Alfred Cumming
Catholics in early Utah
Eliza R. Snow
Mormon Coefficient
Stores
The Pony Express
Handcarts
The telegraph
Gold Rush
Transcontinental Railroad
Civil War
Settlement of Cache Valley
Asking Research Questions
• Once you’ve identified a specific
topic, focus on the topic by asking
questions that you would like
answered
Good questions…
…are not too broad or too narrow
…deal with things your audience will need to know
…deal with the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the topic
…should also elicit important and interesting facts and trivia about the topic
The Reporter’s Formula (Five W’s
& One H)
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Who?
What?
When?
Where?
Why?
How?
Copying permitted
Article: “Big Dig Tunnel Trouble Continues”
What trouble has been happening?
Who was involved?
When did the trouble start?
Where is the tunnel? Where is the
trouble?
Why is it newsworthy?
How will the problem be solved? How
does the trouble affect people?
Big Dig Tunnel Trouble Continues
Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts
ordered the closure of the eastbound
lanes of the Ted Williams tunnel on
Thursday after inspections revealed that
ceiling bolts designed to hold the 12-ton
cement ceiling tiles had slipped.
Copying permitted
Who?
Governor Mitt Romney
Copying permitted
What?
ordered the closure of the eastbound lanes
Copying permitted
When?
Thursday
Copying permitted
Where?
The eastbound lanes of the Ted Williams
tunnel
Copying permitted
Why?
inspections revealed that ceiling bolts
designed to hold the 12-ton cement ceiling
tiles had slipped.
Copying permitted
Who?
Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts
What?
ordered the closure of the eastbound
Where?
When?
lanes of the Ted Williams tunnel on
Thursday after inspections revealed that
ceiling bolts designed to hold the 12-ton
cement ceiling tiles had slipped.
Why?
Copying permitted
Questions for Polygamy
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What is Polygamy?
Why did Mormons practice Polygamy?
Who started Polygamy?
When was Polygamy started/ended?
Where was Polygamy practiced?
Why was Polygamy started/ended?
How did Polygamy deter Utah’s road to
statehood?
The Answers Lead to More
Questions
• What is the history of Polygamy in the world?
• How wide-spread was Polygamy in the United
States?
• What did non-Mormons in Utah think about
Polygamy?
• Is Polygamy still practiced among Mormons?
Let’s Try!
• Work with a partner to develop
research questions about the recent
shooting in Arizona.
– Who…?
– What…?
– When…?
– Where…?
– Why…?
– How…?
You Try!
 Develop research questions about
the Bear River Massacre.
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Who…?
What…?
When…?
Where…?
Why…?
How…?
Key Words
• Think of key words that you could
search for to find information
about the topic – consider words
that are related to the topic
• For Polygamy, you might select
words like plural marriage, bigamy,
marriage practices, multiple spouses,
monogamy, polyandry, polygyny,
group marriage, etc.
Brainstorming
Keywords
• Topic: The History
of Film in America
• Topic: Yorkie
Teeth
Search Strategy
• Will you be relying on Primary
sources or Secondary sources?
• PRIMARY sources provide
firsthand evidence. They include
interviews, observations,
questionnaires, photographs and
maps
• SECONDARY sources are
published sources like websites,
encyclopedias, magazines, books
and newspapers
Read and Evaluate Sources
• You should search for the answers
to your questions in several
different sources
• Look for your topic or key words
in the indexes of the sources and
carefully read the information,
looking for the answers to your
questions
• If your source does not answer any
of your questions, maybe you
should look somewhere else
Checking an Internet
Source for Reliability
•Accuracy: If your page lists the author and institution
that published the page and provides a way of contacting
him/her and . . .
•Authority: If your page lists the author credentials and
its domain is preferred (.edu, .gov, .org, or .net), and. . .
• Objectivity: If your page provides accurate information with limited
advertising and it is objective in presenting the information, and . . .
• Currency: If your page is current and updated regularly (as stated on the page)
and the links (if any) are also up-to-date, and . . .
• Coverage: If you can view the information properly--not limited to fees,
browser technology, or software requirement, then . . .
• You may have a Web page that could be of value to your research!
• From Cornell University Libraries
Checking Print Sources for Reliability
• A. Author
– What are the author's credentials--institutional affiliation
(where he or she works), educational background, past
writings, or experience?
– Is the book or article written on a topic in the author's area
of expertise?
– Has your instructor mentioned this author? Is the author
associated with a reputable institution or organization?
What are the basic values or goals of the organization or
institution?
• B. Date of Publication
– When was the source published?
– Is the source current or out-of-date for your topic?
Checking Print Sources for
Reliability Continued
• C. Edition or Revision
– Is this the latest edition of the source? Does it have the
most updated information?
• D. Publisher
– Note the publisher. If the source is published by a
university press, it is likely to be scholarly.
• E. Title of Journal
– Is this a scholarly or a popular journal?
– From Cornell University Libraries
Plagiarism
• Plagiarism is taking the
words or expressions of
another author and claiming
that they are your own.
• It is cheating!
• It is illegal!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4P05vgxDoPU&feature=related
Muschla, Gary R. The Writing Teacher’s Book of Lists second ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004. Print.
How to avoid plagiarism:
• Use quotation marks
to show direct quotes.
• Cite the author if you
use their idea.
• Directly quote or
paraphrase (and cite)
opinions of others.
• Cite facts, charts,
tables, diagrams, etc.
Muschla, Gary R. The Writing Teacher’s Book of Lists second ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004. Print.
Bibliography
• A bibliography is also called a Works
Cited.
• It is a list of sources that you used in your
research project.
• List the sources alphabetically, double
space the document, and use a hanging
indent.
• Let’s look at an example!
Format
Book:
Author(s). Title. City of Publication: Publisher,
Copyright Year. Source Format.
Encyclopedia Article:
Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Encyclopedia.
Edition. Year Published.
Magazine/Newspaper Article:
Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical
date published: Edition: page numbers &
section. Source Format.
Format
Website:
Author(s) or Corporation. “Title.” Overall
Website. Version or Edition used. Publisher
or sponser. Date of publication. Source
Format. Date of Access. (url of site)
Interview:
Interviewee’s name. Kind of Interview. Date.
Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph:
Artist’s name. Title. Date of composition.
Medium of composition. Name of institution
where it is kept, City.
Format
Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph
VIEWED ONLINE:
Artist’s name. Title. Date of composition.
Name of institution where it is kept, City.
Title of database or website. Source Format.
Date of access.
• Names are always Last, First. (Unless there
is more than one author, in which case the
2nd (and more) author(s) is listed First Last.)
• Dates are always Day Mon. Year.
Let’s Play!
• Teams of 3-4
• Whiteboard, marker, & eraser for each
team
• I will give you information on a source, &
the first team to write a correct
bibliography entry wins!
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Type: Book
Title: Touching Spirit Bear
Author: Ben Mikaelson
Year: 2001
Publisher: HarperCollins
City: New York
Source Format: print
Mikaelson, Ben. Touching
Spirit Bear. New York:
HarperCollins, 2001. Print.
• Type: Website
• Title: New Perspectives on the West:
Brigham Young
• Author: none listed
• Name of Corporation: PBS
• Website Name: PBS Online
• Address: http://www.pbs.org/thewest
• Date posted: March 12, 2001
• Access date: February 4, 2010
PBS. “New Perspectives on the West:
Brigham Young.” PBS Online. N.p.
12 Mar. 2001. Web. 4 Feb. 2010
(http://www.pbs.org/thewest).
• Type: Encyclopedia Article
• Year: 2005
• Encyclopedia Title: Encyclopedia
Britannica
• Article Title: Bear River Massacre
• Author: Ben Johnson
• Edition: 5th
Johnson, Ben. “Bear River
Massacre.” Encyclopedia
Britannica. 5th edition.
2005.
• Type: Newspaper Article
• Newspaper: Old Times Newspaper
• Title: New News on the State of
Deseret
• Page numbers: 12-14
• Author: Billy Bob Smith
• Date: October 5, 1853
Smith, Billy Bob. “New News
on the State of Deseret.”
Old Times Newspaper 5
Oct. 1853: 12-14. Print.
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Type: Website
Author: Franklin B. Wildman
Corporation: USHistory.org
Address: http://www.ushistory.org
Access Date: February 4, 2010
Title: George Washington: The
Soldier Through the French and
Indian War
• Year Posted: 1998
Wildman, Franklin B. “George
Washington: The Soldier
Through the French and
Indian War.” USHistory.org.
N.p. 1998. Web. 4 Feb. 2010
(http://www.ushistory.org).
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Type: Book
City: New York
Year: 1999
Author: Sandra Giddens
Publisher: The Rosen Publishing
Group
• Title: Escape: Teens Who Escaped
the Holocaust to Freedom
Giddens, Sandra. Escape: Teens
Who Escaped the Holocaust
to Freedom. New York: The
Rosen Publishing Group,
1999. Print.
• Type: Personal Interview
• Interviewee’s name: Bruce
Wayne
• Date: September 16, 2003
Wayne, Bruce.
Personal Interview.
16 Sept. 2003.
Note Cards
• When you find the answer to one of your questions,
you should take notes from that source
• Write the question that is answered on the left of the
note card
• Read through the answer in the source and write it in
your own words on the note card
• Write a complete bibliographic entry on the note card
to give the author credit and to eliminate plagiarism
– Read, Review, and Synthesize
Research: Paraphrasing &
Summarizing
• The following information is taken
directly from:
– Hult, Christine A., and Thomas N.
Huckin. The New Century Handbook.
3rd ed. New York: Pearson;
Longman, 2005.
Paraphrasing
• You still need to give the author
credit!
• Presenting an author’s ideas clearly
using your own words and phrases.
– Place the information in a new order
– Break ideas into small units
– Use more common vocabulary than
technical jargon
Example of Poor Paraphrase
• PARAPHRASE
• If you’re faced with an
• “If you’re coping with an
illness or want to exchange
illness or want to exchange
views about a medical
views about a medical topic,
topic, you’ll want to find
you’ll want to find your way
your way to a newsgroup.
to a newsgroup. Despite
Despite the name, these
the name, these are not
are not collections of news
collections of news items.
items. They are, in effect,
They are, in effect, virtual
virtual bulletin boards open
bulletin boards open to
to anyone who cares to
anyone who cares to
participate. The messages
participate. The messages
generally consist of
generally consist of plain
ordinary text (Schwartz 28).
text.”
• ORIGINAL
Example of Good Paraphrase
• ORIGINAL
• Paraphrase
• “If you’re coping with an
• In a recent Consumer
illness or want to
Reports article, the author
exchange views about a
suggests finding a
medical topic, you’ll want
relevant newsgroup if you
to find your way to a
have a particular medical
newsgroup. Despite the
problem or if you want to
name, these are not
talk with others about a
collections of news items.
medical subject.
They are, in effect, virtual
Newsgroups are online
bulletin boards open to
bulletin boards that are
anyone who cares to
available to anyone; in
participate. The messages
spite of their name, they
generally consist of plain
are not news reports.
text.”
Anyone who wants can
join (Schwartz 28).
Paraphrase Assignment
• Clean sheet of paper
• Label as “Research
Packet: Paraphrase
Assignment”
• Keep in your class
folder.
• Write a bibliography
entry.
• Paraphrase the story.
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Time Magazine
January 24, 2011
Vol. 177, No. 3
Page 16
“Secondhand Smoke”
Correct Bibliography Entry
“Secondhand Smoke.” Time 24 Jan. 2011:
Vol. 177, No. 3: 16. Print.
Summarizing
•
•
•
•
Brief restatement of author’s ideas
Records the “so what” of the text
Uses your own words
Leaves out long examples &
explanations
• Explains main ideas & key points
Original
Two students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have
developed a system for sharing music within their campus
community that they say can avoid the copyright battles that have
pitted the music industry against many customers. The M.I.T.
system, using the analog campus cable system, simply bypasses
the Internet and digital distribution, and takes advantage of the
relatively less-restrictive licensing that the industry makes available
to radio stations and others for the analog transmission. The
university, like many educational institutions, already has blanket
licenses for the seemingly old-fashioned analog transmission of
music from the organizations that represent the performance
rights…Although the M.I.T. music could still be recorded by students
and shared on the Internet, Professor Abelson said that the situation
would be no different than recording songs from conventional FM
broadcasts. The system provides music quality that listeners say is
not quite as good as a CD on a home stereo but is better than FM
radio.
Summaries
• Poor Summary
• Two M.I.T. students have
developed a system for
sharing music within their
campus community to
avoid copyright battles.
Their system provides
music quality that listeners
say is not quite as good as
a CD but better than FM
radio.
• Good Summary
• To allow students on the
M.I.T. campus to share
music with each other
without violating copyright
laws, two students have
developed a system of
sharing music by using the
campus cable TV network.
This ingenious system
bypasses the Internet
altogether and provides
music via cable TV that is
better in quality than what
can be heard on the radio.
Notecards
• Let’s practice:
• Website
Organization: Utah History Encyclopedia
Title: “Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution.”
Author: Martha Sontag Bradley
Access Date: 15 Sept. 2007
Web address:
<http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/z/ZCMI.html>
Bibliographic Entry
Bradley, Martha Sontag. “Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution.” Utah History
Encyclopedia. Web. 15 Sept. 2007 (http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/z/ZCMI.html).
Important Questions
Notes
Key Points or Categories
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Name_______________________
Topic_____________________________
Bibliographic Entry
Bradley, Martha Sontag. “Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution.” Utah History Encyclopedia.
15 Sept. 2007 <http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/z/ZCMI.html>.
Important Questions
Key Points or Categories
Notes
_____Did ZCMI stay in Salt Lake__________________________________________________
or branch out to other________________________________________________________
areas?______________________________________________________________________
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Name__Miss Jones_______________
Topic_____ZCMI________________________
•
ZIONS COOPERATIVE MERCANTILE INSTITUTION
• Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution, known as ZCMI, the "People's
Store," is what one historian called America's First Department Store, and
was founded in March 1868. By that date the Latter-day Saints had lived in
the Great Basin for little more than two decades but had already foreseen a
new threat to their peace and prosperity with the coming of the railroad. To
combat the inevitable change that territorial growth would bring, Brigham
Young gathered a group of community and business leaders to form an
organization of community-owned merchandising dedicated to the support of
home manufacturing and to sell goods "as low as they can possibly be sold,
and let the profits be divided among the people at large."
• This organization was christened "Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution"
and although ZCMI was itself never a true cooperative, it spawned a region
wide system of local cooperatives owned and operated by the people. Sales
totaled over $1.25 million the first year. The store sold a wide variety of
goods including clothing, wagons, machinery, sewing machines and carpets
-- all available to member cooperatives at the same price as in Salt Lake
City. ZCMI served as an outlet for the products produced by the Saints
themselves as well as "states" goods.
• Opening in 1870 the "Big Boot," as the shoe factory was often called,
soon manufactured 83,000 pairs of boots and shoes yearly. Two years
after the opening of the shoe factory, ZCMI began production of its own
line of work clothes in a new clothing factory, soon to be famous for its
"Mountaineer" overalls.
• In 1876 many of the several departments were consolidated under a
single roof. The impressive three-story brick-and-iron facade of ZCMI
stretched long down Salt Lake City's Main Street. A wing added in 1880
doubled the square footage of this landmark in Salt Lake's business
district.
• ZCMI met the twentieth century with the same ideals that had always
identified its business. The philosophy -- that individual fortunes and
private profits should be subservient to the good of the community -would continue throughout the company's history. Growth became the
new byword. In 1961 ZCMI moved to the suburbs with large modern
branch stores at the Cottonwood, Valley Fair and University Malls, as
well as in Ogden and Logan. ZCMI's 120-year history has seen the
store change from a provincial cooperative to a publicly owned and
widely respected shareholder entity. Although ZCMI is a publicly owned
company with upwards of 1,400 stockholders, its ties to the Mormon
Church are still strong. In 1988 the Mormon Church owned 51 percent
of ZCMI's stock.
•
•
See: Martha Sontag Bradley, ZCMI: America's First Department Store, (1991).
Martha Sontag Bradley
Bibliographic Entry
Bradley, Martha Sontag. “Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution.” Utah History
Encyclopedia. 15 Sept. 2007 <http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/z/ZCMI.html>.
Important Questions
Key Points or Categories
Notes
Did ZCMI stay in Salt Lake City
or did it branch out into other
Cities?
In 1961, ZCMI opened some
branches in the Cottonwood,
Valley Fair, and University
malls, as well as branches in
Logan and Ogden, Utah.
Name_______________________
Topic_____________________________