Transcript Slide 1

Using wikis in the development and formation of a
Symphony Orchestra
By
Juan Melendez and Margaret Martin
Wikis is a simple tool, it is flexible and a powerful collaboration. It can be used for
anything, from repositories or web link lists properly organized until the creation of
encyclopedias. Typically, students’ assignments that take place in school are based
only on one or individual tests. This contrasts with how we are working toward a
more 21st century learning style, which enhances teamwork and getting the best
results through collaborative efforts of the whole class and not just one person.
With this in mind we performed an educational experience in a music research
class, since this is where our experience is . The students were divided into three
homogeneous groups. Where each student’s final grade would mostly consist of
creating and maintaining a wikis with their group. The information for the wikis for
each group was assigned by the teacher. Each student had to share information that
they researched for their wikis with the other members of the group and then they
had to combine all the information so that each member contributed to the wikis.
Students were also required to evaluate the work of the other groups. Their
feedback was to be done in a supportive was weather it was pro or con of the groups
wikis. The results we obtained from our students on their performances were very
interesting. We realized the use of wikis was a great tool to teach the students
because they learned the importance of collaborative work.
The preparation of this research and the preservation of the material basis for this
class are very important because inadequate planning interferes with instruction
and causes disruptions and delays. All research conducted had a clear objective and
the application was explained in detail because it was important for the students to
benefit from one another’s knowledge of this material. The students (researchers)
had to learn how to accentuate their arguments on the benefits that were gained
and the practices that were used. To do this well, the students had to take into
account the establishment and/or promote a set of criteria to evaluate the study.
And the criteria was:
1.
What is it for and who does it serve.
2. Significance, usefulness and benefits.
3.
Does it really make any use of information?
4. Is it going to cover a gap of knowledge?
5. Could we have use a new model for obtaining and collecting the information?
In our case we were talking about musical education and the students based their
research on a symphony orchestra. This leads us to inquire about the following
topic. According to a small milestone of topics that were investigated were.
Stage
Description
1
Component parts of
a symphony
orchestra
2
Integration of the
symphony orchestra
(as it was formed)
3
4
Outstanding
musical works
(Five Authors)
(Three Obras each)
A brief history of a
musical instrument
(powerpoint)
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
You may think that wikis can only be used for a certain level of students
but with the versatility of this tool any students can learn to use this
tool. Our approach was to target students ages 12-15. We taught the
students how to create a wikis system that was aimed at an audience of
music students. The students had to be willing to share their
suggestion and creative work with the other class members as well as
everyone that would be seeing this presentation. This was a big
motivator for the students because they were what helped us give this
project life.
Students had to be learning how to play the guitar, and have an interest
of this culture that goes beyond being a mere performer. The students
had to have a general knowledge of classical music performances and
knowledge of the surrounding aspects. The students also had to know
how to use Microsoft Office and be willing to learn how to create and
use wikis.
The web 2.0 tool that we decided to work with was wikis. It is easily
available and gives the students the opportunity to share information
and evaluate the work that was developed in this research. Another
thing we liked about using wikis was that you can share your
information only with the people you want.
Here are the links of the wikis that were developed by the students with
each of the concepts that were in the milestone.
Kevin
Wiki name musica 12345
ID: chicoinsecto
PW: kxrl89
Alan
Wiki name Alan2 music
ID: alans25
PW: as1997
Hortensia
Wiki name Edmusical2
ID: Tenchita
PW: Hort2525
Relevance
Information about the topic
Score
______ of 25%
Presentation
Design
______ of 25%
Organization of the work
Development
_________ of 25%
References
Sources Development
Total
_______ of 25%
_________ of 100%
As concussion I can say that through the construction of this project
for me has been a great experience to use the concept of wikis. Now, it
has been of great work and effort, because I started from scratch but in
the end I can see that in the future, the use of this tool will be useful
even use in education projects for which develop after the ability to
build these custom block and upload information to the site, that we
are given the opportunity to consult, share, edit or add new
information with ease and fun.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra
http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/d/debussy.htm
http://presencias.net/indpdm.html?http://presencias.net/educar/ht1017.html
http://www.8notes.com/biographies/dvorak.asp
http://library.thinkquest.org/15413/instruments/brass.htm
http://www.hypermusic.ca/inst/fhorn.html
http://www.hornplanet.com/hornpage/museum/history/horn_history1.html
http://www.danzaballet.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1123
http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/m/mendelssohn.htm
http://www.classical.net/music/composer/works/mendelssohn/orchestral.php
http://www.humanitiesweb.org/human.php?s=c&p=a&a=i&ID=734
http://www.avizora.com/publicaciones/biografias/textos/textos_p/0023_paganini
_nicolo.htm
http://www.nyphilkids.org/lockerroom/history_f-r.html
French Horn History
By: Hortensia Ramos
French Horn
The French horn, or the orchestral horn, is a member of the brass family,
and consists of a metal tube that is about twelve feet long. The tube is coiled
into a circular shape which flares into a bell at the base of the instrument. A
musician plays the French horn by vibrating his or her lips in funnel shaped
mouthpiece. The musician can then change the pitch of the instrument by
moving the three valves and by changing his or her lip tension. The valves
are usually fingered with the musician's left hand while the musician places
his or her right hand in the bell of the instrument to create additional
pitches and variations in tone qualities.
History:
The French horn was developed around the 1650s in France and is a large
version of the smaller crescent-shaped horns that existed at the time. The
French hunting horn produced about twelve tones or the natural harmonic
series and entered the orchestra in the 1700s. By the 1750s, the horn gained
greater flexibility when hand-stopping was developed. This is the procedure
described above whereby the musician puts his or her hand in the bell of the
instrument. It allowed the musician to alter the natural notes as much as a
whole step higher or lower. However, the horn did not make its next
evolutionary step until the 19th century when valves were added. This
allowed the musician to alter the length of the tubing by depressing or
releasing one or more of the three valves.
French Horn History
The horn comes from a long tradition of instruments first used in ancient China
(2000 BC), Egypt (1500 BC) and Scandinavia (1000 BC). These instruments were
used for signaling and ceremony. However, because they had no valves, only a few
notes could be played. By Roman times, and for centuries thereafter,
valveless natural horns were common at military and civilian events.In the 1600's
the natural horn was used in the royal mounted hunt. The instrument was coiled
and fit over the arm of the player who rode with the hunt, playing fanfares and
horn calls.
The horn became a regular member of the orchestra during the 1700's. Early in
the century, a horn pitched in F was made in Vienna. This instrument had five
detachable pieces of tubing called crooks. Crooks lengthened or shortened the
horn so it could be played in the best key for the music. By employing crooks and
using the right hand in the bell to stop certain notes, a skilled musician could
play any noted of the scale.
The invention of valves in 1815 made the awkward crooks obsolete. Two type of
valves were developed: rotary (revolving cylinder) valves, and piston (up and
down) valves. The French made smaller bored horns with piston valves, while the
Germans created larger bored horns with rotary valves. It is the German version
that is referred to in North America as a French horn.
In 1898, a German named Fritz Kruspe introduced the double horn. The double
horn combines the single F and single Bb horns into one instrument. It is widely
accepted and played by virtually all professional players today.
A Brief History of Horn Evolution
Instruments made from animal horns have existed since ancient times - they
were primarily used as signaling devices. The horn as a musical instrument has
only existed for several hundred years.
One of the earliest "horn-like" instruments, the lur, dates back to sixth century
B.C. Made of bronze, these horns were used on the battlefields by Scandinavian
clans. It makes a loud, obnoxious sound, just perfect for striking terror into the
enemy camp.
In Europe, horns gained popularity in the trendy sport of hunting. As this
aristocratic sport spread, horn-makers experimented with different shapes and
sizes to increase the range of notes possible. In 1636, French musical scholar
Marin Mersenne wrote of four different kinds of horns in his Harmonie
Universelle: Le grand cor (the big horn), the cor à plusiers tours, (the horn of
several turns), le cor qui n'a qu'un seul tour (the horn which has only one turn),
and le huchet (the horn with which one calls from afar). Horns such as the cor de
chasse and trompe de chasse (pictured left) fall into this latter category.
Shortly thereafter, the horn began to appear in the concert halls and
theaters. Too raucous for inclusion with the fine oboes and violins in the
orchestra pit though, at first the hunting horns were used only onstage in
scenes depicting, naturally, the hunt. The horn at this point was not yet ready
for serious artistic endeavors - only as "special effects," to give flashy theatrics
to stage productions.
Meanwhile in Bohemia, Austria and Germany a more refined school of horn
playing was developing under the auspices of Count Franz Anton von
Sporck. The gentleman Count was, for all of his life, a hunting aficionado. He
even founded The Order of St. Hubert (the patron saint of the hunt). Then
while visiting France in the 1680's, Count von Sporck heard some cors de
chasse at a hunt. Immediately after hearing the French hunting horns, von
Sporck instructed that two men of his consort be taught to play the
instrument. These two men, Wenzel Sweda and Peter Röllig became the source
from which horn playing in all of Bohemia and Germany grew.
History of the Piano
By: Alan Sebastian
What is it
The piano (short for pianoforte from the Italian) is a musical instrument
classified as a stringed keyboard instrument casings by the traditional
classification system according to the Hornbostel-Sachs classification, the
piano is a simple string instrument. The musician who plays the piano called a
pianist.
It consists of a sounding board, to which was added
a keyboard, through which percussed steel strings
with felt-covered hammers to produce the sound.
The vibrations are transmitted through the bridges
to the soundboard, which amplifies them. It
consists of a multi-string chromatic harp, driven by
an indirect impact mechanism, which switches
have been added. It was invented around 1700 by
Bartolomeo Cristofori Padua. Among its
predecessors are instruments like the sitar, the
monochord, the dulcimer, the clavichord and the
harpsichord.
Origin of term
The word "piano" is derived from the original Italian name of the
instrument, pianoforte (piano: "mild" and provided "strong"), given
by its first builder, Bartolomeo Cristofori: cembalo col piano e forte
(literally harpsichord with [sound ] soft and loud "). This refers to the
ability of the piano to produce sounds with different intensities,
depending on the weight that is applied to the keys. This feature
differed from its predecessors, which could only produce a single
volume.
First Piano’s
The invention of the modern piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori of Padua, at that
time belonging to the Republic of Venice (Italy), who was hired by Prince Ferdinand II de
'Medici as curator of instruments. He was an expert harpsichord maker and was well as he
could become familiar with the techniques of manufacture of keyboard stringed
instruments. No one knows exactly the date on which Cristofori built the first piano but an
inventory made by his patrons, the Medici family, indicates the existence of a piano in
1700.
As a keyboard stringed instrument, the piano is similar to the harpsichord, from the point of
view organological, and harpsichord music in aesthetic terms. These three instruments
differ in their mechanisms of sound production. In a harpsichord, the strings are plucked by
plectros. In a clavichord the strings are casings of small metal spikes (tangent) to remain in
contact with the string until it stops pressing the key. In a piano, the keys are casings for
hammers that immediately rebound allowing the string to vibrate freely.
Cristofori's great success was to find the solution, without previous examples, the
fundamental mechanical problem of piano design: the hammer of wood covered with
leather was supposed to hit the rope, but keep in touch with her because the sound
muffled, as with tangents were in contact with the strings of the clavichord. On the other
hand, the hammer must return to its rest position without bouncing violently, and, if
possible, should be allowed to repeat a note rapidly. The Cristofori's hammer mechanism
served as a model for the many different approaches to piano actions beyond. While
Cristofori's early instruments were made with thin strings and were much quieter than the
modern piano, compared to the clavichord (the only previous keyboard instrument capable
of controlling the dynamic range minimally through the keyboard) were considerably
stronger and could better maintain the power of sound.
Grand piano
A grand piano is a type of piano where the strings and the soundboard are horizontal.
The grand pianos have a top cover that can be opened so that the sounds produced by
the strings go abroad without barriers of any kind.
Piano vertical or wall.
The upright piano is characterized by the strings, the hammers and
the soundboard in a vertical position, perpendicular to the floor
Electronic piano
The electronic piano is an invention of the twentieth century. It has
the same appearance of the piano. The difference is that the sound
comes from means of electronic synthesis. You can also play the
sound of different instruments and often incorporates songs and
rhythms default.
By: Kevin Moncada
VIOLÍN
En este trabajo solo hablaremos del Violín.
El violín es uno de los instrumentos más
pequeños, por lo tanto es el más agudo de
los cuatro, en una orquesta sinfónica es el
instrumento más numeroso.
Al tocar el violín es muy
importante la posición del cuerpo,
de los brazos y de los dedos, así
como la colocación del
instrumento y el arco para obtener
el mejor sonido.
Con este instrumento es posible tocar dos notas al mismo tiempo
deslizando el arco por encima de dos cuerdas adyacentes.
El violín es un instrumento
medieval que se llamaba fídula o
viola de arco que surge a partir del
siglo IX-X d.c., con el paso del
tiempo se fue perfeccionando hasta
llegar en el siglo XV a la Viola de
Braccio, en Italia, que dio lugar al
violín, pero fue en el siglo XVI
cuando se creó el verdadero violín,
que ha llegado a nuestros días casi
sin cambio alguno.
Existieron varios inventores
del violín, pero destacaron
Andrea Amati y Antonio
Stradivarius que eran
constructores de instrumentos
denominados Luthiers o
Violeros, ellos vivieron en
Italia en el siglo XVI.