Transcript Slide 1

Romantic Period (ca 1810-1900)
Romanticism is a term applied to music from ca 1810 to 1900 and
is borrowed from a movement from the end of the 18th century which was used to
describe the beginnings of new ideas in the arts. Romantic composers created greater
freedom of form and design in their music than in the previous Classical period.
Romantic composers had a wide interest in all forms of art and befriended artists,
writers, poets, composers. These friendships often provided the inspiration for the
composition of new music as the composers experimented with sound to create the
feelings of: Emotions - the story of poems - the description of the countryside fantasies and dreams – love – war - rivers and lakes and in fact any idea that inspired
the composer.
The Romantic orchestra grew in size and
added piccolo, trombone and more varied
percussion and more developed instruments.
• Romantic composers wrote
long, singing, emotional
melodies for solo instruments,
vocalists and large Romantic
orchestra.
• These melodies were
supported by unusual, large,
chromatic chords or discords
and frequent use of
modulations.
Some
Romantic
composers
JOHANNES BRAHMS
(1833 – 1897)
German
4 Symphonies
St. Anthony Variations
Hungarian Dances
Chamber Music
Piano Music
Organ Music
Requiem
‘Alto’ Rhapsody
200 Songs / Lieder
FRANZ LISZT
(1811 – 1886)
Hungarian
Symphonic Poems
[Prometheus / Les Preludes]
Piano Music
[Hungarian Rhapsody]
FREDERIC CHOPIN
(1810 – 1849)
Polish
Piano Music
Preludes
Etudes
Liebestraume
Ballades
Franz Liszt - Les préludes,
symphonic poem No.3
Mazurkas
Nocturnes
Piano Concertos
‘Leftover’ Concepts N3 – N5
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Contrary motion - Two parts move in opposite directions, eg as
one part ascends the other part descends.
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Atonal – no feeling of key, major or minor. It is very dissonant, and
it will lack a 'nice' melody and accompaniment.
Cluster - A term used to describe a group of notes, which clash,
played together.
Flutter tonguing - Rolling your 'r's whilst playing a brass or
woodwind instrument.
Cross rhythms - Contrasting rhythms played at the same time or
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played with unusual emphasis on notes.
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http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/nqmusic/national5/concepts/crossrhythm.asp
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Blues / Rock / Pop / Rock’n’Roll
Reggae - Reggae music was developed in the late 1960s in Jamaica.
It has quite a distinctive sound and has the characteristic of strong
accents on the 2nd and 4th beats of the bar.
African Music - http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/nqmusic/national4/concepts/africanmusic.asp
Gospel - Music written with religious lyrics, often in praise or
thanksgiving to God. Gospel has its origins in Afro-American
culture.
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• Minimalist - A development in the second half of the 20th
century based on simple rhythmic and melodic figures
which are constantly repeated with very slight changes
each time. http://www.factmag.com/2010/02/01/a-brief-history-of-minimalism/
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Further info: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/music/music_20th_century/reich3.shtml
• Latin American - Dance music from South America.
Percussion instruments provide lively off-beat dance
rhythms. (Salsa, Samba, Paso Doble etc
• Indian Music: Sitar - A plucked, stringed instrument from
India. It's basically an Indian guitar – easy to remember
because sitar rhymes with guitar.
• Tabla - Indian drums often used to accompany the sitar.
http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/nqmusic/national5/concepts/indian.asp
• Guiro / Castanets / Bongo drums
• Xylophone / Glockenspiel
Steve Reich – Six
marimbas
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Ragtime - A style of dance music which became popular at the end of the 19th century and which
helped to influence jazz. It features a strongly syncopated melody (meaning the notes don’t always fall
on the beat) against a steady, simple accompaniment played as a vamp, often played on piano, eg Scott
Joplin rags. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kymfeLpumn4&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL4CC1EE2F98C09B0E
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Jazz - At first this was music created by black Americans in the early 20th century. Features of the music
may include syncopation and improvisation. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrgP1u5YWEg
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Swing - A jazz style which started in the 1930s and was performed by a big band. The numbers and
types of instruments in the big bands increased during this period, through the influence of swing.
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http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/nqmusic/national4/concepts/swing.asp
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Middle 8 - In popular music, a section which provides a contrast to the opening section. It is often eight
bars long.
Beatles ‘Help ‘ - Middle 8 starts with the words: Help me if you can …’
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Brass Band – Brass instruments and percussion section.
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Wind Band – Woodwind, brass and percussion instruments.
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Distortion - An electronic effect used in rock music to colour the sound of an electric guitar. It gives a
'fuzzy' sound rather than the usual clean sound.
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Reverb - An electronic effect which can give the impression of different hall acoustics. For example,
reverb can make a piece of music sound as if the performance is taking place in a cathedral.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZ9XMT5qXXU&feature=related
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Muted / con sordino – Using a mute changes the sound normally produced on an instrument.
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http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/nqmusic/national5/concepts/consordinomuted.asp
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Pitch bend - Changing the pitch of a note, for example by pushing a guitar string upwards.
Sound example: Rossini ‘Cat duet’
Pan pipes
• Countermelody – A melody played against the main
melody http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/nqmusic/national5/concepts/countermelody.asp
• Descant (Voice) – A countermelody which is sung and is
sung above the main melody
• Sound example: Silent night descant
• Literacy: repeat signs, 1st & 2nd time bar, grouped semi
quavers, paired quavers, Accidentals, flats, sharps,
naturals
• Scales and Key Signatures: C Major: C,D,E,F,G,A,B,C
• G Major: G,A,B,C,D,F#,G - F Major: F,G,A,Bb,C,D,E,F
• A Minor: A,B,C,D,E,F,G,A