Transcript Team-based design and CAD modelling using Lego in first

ES1050 – Introductory Engineering
Design and Innovation Studio
Introduction to
Design Process
Prof. Ken McIsaac
2008 09 10
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Outline
What is engineering design?
 The engineering design process
 Innovation
 Incremental versus “big leap” innovation
 Sources of innovation
 Creativity

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What is Science?
A  r
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Knowledge
experiments
f  ma
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What is Engineering?
Judgment and
creativity
Innovative design
solutions to benefit
mankind
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Who put a man on the moon?
Scientists?
Or Engineers?
www.gyasbd.com/ history.asp
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What is the Engineering Design?

“Simply stated, designing is creating or
formulating a course of action, or the form
of an object, to satisfy a need”
 Dunwoody et al., Fundamental Competencies for
Engineers, p.150
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Examples of Types of Design
Product Design: Scotch Tape, DVD,
Drugs & Medicines; Software, Robots,
 Process Design: pharmaceuticals for
better health; harnessing energy from
renewable sources, preventing pollution
 Structure Design: Bridge, Road, Airport

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Electrification
Automobile
Airplane
Water Supply and
Distribution
Electronics
Radio
and Television
Agricultural Mechanization
Computers Telephone
Air Conditioning
and Refrigeration
Highways Spacecraft
Internet
Imaging
Household Appliances
Health Technologies
Petroleum and
Petrochemical
Technologies
Laser and Fiber Optics
Nuclear Technologies
High-performance
Materials
http://www.greatachievements.org
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The Design Process


Engineering
designers use a
systematic design
process
There are many
versions of the design
process that are
generically similar
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
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A Generic Design Process (1)
Recognition of need
Problem definition
Information gathering and research
Generation of concepts
Iteration and
reflection
Evaluation and selection of concepts
Prototype construction and testing
Design communication
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A Generic Design Process (2)
1.
Specification Development / Planning Phase
Determine need, customer and engineering requirements
Develop a project plan
2.
Conceptual Design Phase
Generate and evaluate concepts
Select best solution
3.
Detail Design Phase
Documentation and part specification
Prototype evaluation
4.
Production Phase
Component manufacture and assembly
Plant facilities / capabilities
5.
Service Phase
Installation, use , maintenance and safety
6.
Product Retirement Phase
Length of use, disposal, and recycle
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Practical Considerations in Design
The design team must
work within:
 Constraints and
Limitations
 Resources Available
 Goals and Objectives
Achievable
CONSTRAINTS
Objectives
Resources
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Current Practice in Engineering
Design

Lifecycle design:
 Conception,
Manufacture, Use, Final disposal;
Maintenance; Servicing; Recycling;
Design for Quality
 Design for Environmental Sustainability

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Design is iterative
Conceptual
Design
Problem
Redefined
(new information)
Evaluate
Alternatives
Evaluation
Criteria
Change
Final Design
Implementation
Implementation-based
Changes
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We are in class of “Introductory Engineering
Design and Innovation (Studio)”
So what is “Innovation”?

An improvement of an existing technological product,
system, or method of doing something.
www.iteawww.org/TAA/Glossary.htm

Innovation is the whole process from: invention,
development, pilot production, marketing, production.
Invention is just invention. (Innovation = creative idea +
implementation.)
www.tkb-4u.com/glossarylist/glossary_in.php
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Incremental Innovation: The S-Curve
Performance
Mature
technology
New
technology
Time
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Big Leap Innovation
Performance
New
Technology
(Innovation)
Old
technology
Uncertainty!
Disruption!
Time
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Making the Leap
Steam
Diesel-Electric
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Making the Leap
Propeller
Jet
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Making the Leap
Horse and carriage
“Horseless carriage”
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Making the Leap
www.tcf.ua.edu/AZ/ ITHistoryOutline.htm
Slide Rule
Calculator
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Making the Leap
Typewriter
Computer
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Enough history – What about now?
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Leap happening now
Film Camera
Digital Camera
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Leap happening now
CRT
LCD
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Leap happening now
Music CDs
On-line music
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Leap happening now
Glasses/
Contact lenses
Laser surgery
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Leap happening now
Incandescent light
Fluorescent light
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Leap happening now
Maps
GPS navigation
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Leap happening now
http://www.conferencecenter.com/
Conference center
Web based meeting
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Where do Innovations Come
From?
Flashes of inspiration
 Accidents and mistakes
 Emerging technologies
 Creative thinking
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A Flash of Inspiration
Velcro =
Velour and Crochet.
(Velvet and hook)
George DeMestral
(1907-1990)
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Mistakes and Accidents


Nylon was discovered
by accident by a team
of chemists at DuPont
Other accidents:
 Super-glue
 Post-it
notes
 Safety glass
 Vulcanized rubber
Encarta.msn.com
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Emerging Technologies


It takes many years from invention or discovery
to widespread use of a technology
Typically about 30 years
CCD
(charge-coupled
device) sensor
invented
1969
First digital
camera prototype
CMOS
(complimentary
metal-oxide
semiconductor)
sensor
1981
35 years
Digital
overtakes film
2004
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Creative thinking
Technology
Applications
Lasers
CDs, DVDs
Fibre optics
Laser pointers!
Microprocessors
Smart products
Mechatronics
Everything!
Computer networks
Database technology
The Internet
Google
Wikipedia
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Creative thinking
Safe obstetric forceps
Steel forceps
Easy to crash baby’s
head
400 years
Flexible forceps
The material flexibility makes
it possible to grasp the child’s
head while applying excess
pressure or traction is
impossible.
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Where will tomorrows innovations
come from?
Information technology
 Nanotechnology
 Biotechnology
 Artificial intelligence
 Robotics
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Example of future innovations:
Information technology; Second Life
Space for:
Meetings, research,
social life, ...
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Example of future innovations:
Nanotechnology; Quantum Dots
Researchers at Los Alamos
National Laboratory have
developed a wireless
nanodevice that efficiently
produces visible light, through
energy transfer from nano-thin
layers of quantum wells to
nanocrystals above the
nanolayers.
Source: Wikipedia
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Example of future innovations:
Biotechnology; Functional foods
Foods or dietary
components that may
provide a health
benefit beyond basic
nutrition.
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What about creativity?
The inventors of lasers did not imagine
fiber optic communication
 The inventors of the Internet did not
imagine Google or the Web
 What are the potential applications of
quantum dots?
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Creative Thinking


Creative thinking and
imagination can find
new solutions to old
problems
Techniques to
promote creative
thinking can be
learned!
www.cepr.org/ home/sitemap.htm
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Thinking Outside the Box

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Six aerospace engineers
without previous
experience designed a
new rocket engine.
Compared to existing
designs, it:



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www.visionengineer.com/ aero/rocket.shtml
Cost 50% less
Had 90% fewer parts
Had very high quality
Was completed underbudget and under-schedule
www.spaceref.com/news/ viewpr.html?pid=11000%20
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Creativity in Engineering Design?
Proposing unique, innovative, practical
solutions to Engineering Problems.
 Design is an iterative process
 Creativity in Design

 Creative
thinking + practical considerations
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What is Creativity?

The ability to think and approach a problem in
an original or flexible way. May be applied to any
subject area.
www.bgfl.org/services/gifted/glossary.htm
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The ability to invent and develop original (very
imaginative and clever) ideas.
www.ie.metu.edu.tr/~ie404/Definitions/Definitions.html
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Use one's imagination to develop a new idea or
product.
highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072486740/student_view0/chapter1/glossary.html
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Factors limiting creativity
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Restricting imagination.
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Some factors limiting creativity
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Jumping right to “the answer”
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“It’s a dumb idea”
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Assuming solution as a part of problem
definition
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Creativity techniques that we will in
use in ES050 design projects
Paradigm Shift
180 degree Thinking
Brainstorming
Mind Mapping
Brutethink
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