Transcript Chapter 2 - Ms. Y`s Chemistry Class 2011-2012

Catalyst
1. Pick up white board and marker from front!
2. Take out your catalyst sheet and answer the
questions below using vocabulary word:
1. What is the relationship between:
Nitrogen–14 and Nitrogen-15?
2. What do the “14” and “15” stand for above?
3. What charge do ALL anions have?
4. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons,
and electrons in a neutral atom for Pt.
TRADE AND GRADE
Catalyst
1. What is the relationship between:
Nitrogen–14 and Nitrogen-15?
They are Isotopes
2. What do the “14” and “15” stand for
above? Atomic Mass/Mass #
3. What charge do ALL anions have?
A negative charge
4. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons,
and electrons in a neutral atom for Pt.
p=e=
;n=
BIG GOAL
Explosion!
(3 MINUTES)
Explosion
Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
What is the scientific method? 17.
What is a Law?
18.
What is a theory?
How many feet are in a mile? 19.
What is 212 degrees F in C?
20.
What is the formula for
21.
density?
What is a chemical property? 22.
What is a physical property? 23.
What is the law of
24.
conservation of mass?
What is a Law?
25.
What is a theory?
What is precision?
What is accuracy?
What is random error?
What is systematic error?
Why do we use lab coats and
Where can I find a fire
extinguisher?
Who discovered the electron?
What are the three types of
radiation?
Which particle is the biggest?
Which is the smallest?
Who is Ernest Rutherford?
Is the atomic mass or atomic
number always bigger?
How do you find the number
of neutrons?
What is an isotope?
Electron shells:
each energy level has a maximum amount
of electrons it can hold!
Atom Model of Tellerium, 54 electrons
1st energy level can hold 2!
2nd energy level can
hold up to 8!
3rd energy level
can hold up to 18!
4th energy level
can hold up to
32 – notice
that it is not
filled all the
way…that’s ok
for now!
Draw the atom model for…
B
Mg
Ga
Now you get to make an atom
model for any element you want
(must have anywhere from 11 – 17
protons) we will hang them up and
then everyone will decide which
atom you were making!
Let’s look at Lithium, how many
electrons does it need to lose have
a full outer octet?
1
*Note: LESS
electrons mean a
+ve overall charge
So it will form a
+1 charge!
Let’s look at Beryllium, how many
electrons does it need to lose have
a full outer octet?
2
So it will form a
+2 charge!
Let’s look at Oxygen, how many
electrons does it need to have a full
outer octet?
2
*Note: MORE
electrons mean a
-ve overall charge
So it will form a 2 charge!
Let’s look at Fluorine, how many
electrons does it need to gain have
a full outer octet?
1
So it will form a 1 charge!
Alkali Metals; want to lose 1 electron to be like a
noble gas! (+1)
Alkali Earth
Metals: want to
lose 2 electrons
(+2)
(+3)
share!
Oxidation numbers – atom charge that is favored (based
on desire to become a noble gas! (ex. K+ Br-)
Want
to gain(-2) (-1)
3(-3)
(0)
Calculate the number of p, n,
and e for the following:
Selenium
79
-2
P = 34
N = 79 – 34 = 45
34
e = 34 – (-2) = 36
Se
-
85
37
84
36
Rb
Kr
+1
0
Rubidium
P = 37
N = 85 - 37= 48
e- = 37 – (+1) = 36
Krypton
P = 36
N = 84 – 36 = 48
e- = 36 – (0) = 36
Calculate the number of p, n,
and e for the following:
Why does Krypton have a 0
charge?
It already is stable with a full
octet!
84
36
Kr
0
Krypton
P = 36
N = 84 – 36 = 48
e- = 36 – (0) = 36
Alkali Metals (+1)
Alkali Earth
Metals (+2)
(+3)
share!
It is easy to calculate the oxidation numbers of Alkali Metals
and Alkali Earth metals, but what about transition metals (in
(0)
white) ?
Want
to gain(-2) (-1)
3(-3)
Transition metals favor different
oxidation numbers depending on
who they are bonded to!
We can calculate their oxidation numbers
based on the compound they form!
Ex. FeCl2
We know Cl has a charge of (-1)
There are 2 Cl’s  2 x (-1) = -2
This means Fe must have a +2 charge to have a
neutral compound!
You try!
What charge does Cobalt have in the
compound: CoS?
1xS(-2) = -2; so Co must have +2 charge
What charge does Zinc have in the
compound: ZnF3?
3 x F(-1) = -3; so Zn must have +3 charge
You try!
What charge does each Silver have in
the compound: Ag2S?
1xS(-2) = -2; so EACH Ag must have +1 charge
What charge does Titanium have in the
compound: Ti3P?
1 x P(-3) = -3; so EACH Ti must have +1 charge
You try!
What charge does each Tin have in the
compound: Sn3N2?
2xN(-3) = -6; so EACH Ag must have +2 charge
(-6/3 Sn)
What charge does Gold have in the
compound: Au2O3?
3 x O(-2) = -6; so EACH Au must have +3 charge
(-6/2 Au)
Polyatomic Ions: an ion that consists
of many atoms – MUST MEMORIZE
list BY FRIDAY!
Pop Quiz on Friday!
Must also know charge of them! (most
are -1!)
Only + charged ones are: Mercury (I),
Hg22+ and Ammonium, NH4+
Base Polyatomic
ions:
Nitrate, NO3
2Carbonate, CO3
Chlorate, ClO3Sulfate, SO42Phosphate, PO43-
Basic Rules of Naming
2 less O: prefix “hypo-”,
ends in “-ite”
Ex. Hypochlorite ClO1 less O: ends in “-ite”
Ex. Chlorite ClO2Basic: ends in “-ate”
Ex. Chlorate, ClO31 more O: prefix “per-”,
ends in “-ate”
Ex. Perchlorate ClO4-
Identify the Polyatomic Ion!
NaNO3
Nitrate
KCN
Cyanide
H2O2
Peroxide
Ca(OH)2
Hydroxide
NH4Cl
Ammonium
Hg2(NO2)2
Mercury (I) and Nitrite
Now let’s put it all together!
Calculate the charge of the transition metal
based on the charge of the polyatomic ion!
Ex. Fe(NO3)2
We know NO3 has a charge of (-1)
There are 2 NO3’s  2 x (-1) = -2
This means Fe must have a +2 charge to have a
neutral compound!
You try!
What charge does each Silver have in
the compound: AgClO4?
1xClO4 (-1) = -1; so Ag must have +1 charge
What charge does Titanium have in the
compound: Ti2CO3?
1 x CO3 (-2) = -2; so EACH Ti must have +1 charge
You try!
What charge does each Lead have in the
compound: Pb(CrO4)2?
2xCrO4 (-2) = -4; so Pb must have +4 charge
What charge does Chromium have in the
compound: Cr3(PO4)2?
2 x PO4 (-3) = -6; so EACH Cr must have +2
charge: -6/3
Catalyst
1. Take out PreLab work, Ms. Y will come around
and check!
2. Take out your catalyst sheet and answer the
questions:
1. What charge does each Lead have in the
compound: Pb(CrO4)2?
2. What charge does Chromium have in the
compound: Cr3(PO4)2?
3. Name the Polyatomic Ions: OH-, MnO4-
Catalyst
1. Take out your catalyst sheet and answer the
questions:
1. If you are using a buret to measure 34 mL
of water, and you notice that 3 drops were
stuck to the side (with a volume of 0.05mL
each) what is the % error?
2. What is the charge for Zn(MnO4)2?
TRADE AND GRADE
Catalyst
1. If you are using a buret to measure 34 mL
of water, and you notice that 3 drops were
stuck to the side (with a volume of 0.05mL
each) what is the % error?
0.15mL/34 mL*100% = 0.40%
1. What is the charge for Zn(MnO4)2?
+2
Catalyst
1. What charge does each Lead have in the
compound: Pb(CrO4)2? +4
2. What charge does Chromium have in the
compound: Cr3(PO4)2? +2
3. Name the Polyatomic Ions: OH-, MnO42Hydroxide, Permanganate
BIG GOAL
Explosion!
(3 MINUTES)
Explosion
Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
What is the scientific method? 17.
What is a Law?
18.
What is a theory?
19.
What is the formula for
density?
What is a chemical property? 20.
What is a physical property? 21.
What is the law of
conservation of mass?
22.
What is precision?
23.
What is accuracy?
24.
What is random error?
25.
What is systematic error?
26.
Where can I find the fume
hood?
Who discovered the electron?
What are the three types of
radiation?
Who is Ernest Rutherford?
Is the atomic mass or atomic
number always bigger?
What is the oxidation number
for all Alkali Metals?
For all Halogens?
Why is it difficult to find the
oxidation numbers for
transition metals?
What is an isotope?
What is an ion?
What is a polyatomic ion?
What is the name for NO3?
What is the name for ClO3
Naming
Compounds!
Naming Compounds flow chart!
*Note: If it is a covalent compound – use prefixes!
1st word!
Element
name, this is
covalent!
Ex. Dicarbon
Name of metal
Ex. Sodium
*Note: If a transition
metal, add the
charge in roman
numerals!
Ex. Iron (III)
2nd word!
Element name ending in
“-ide”
Ex. Chlorine  Chloride
Polyatomic ion
name
Ex. Ammonium
Name of
Polyatomic ion
Ex. Nitrate
Prefixes:
1- Mono (only use for 2nd element!)
2- Di
3- Tri
4 – Tetra
5 – Penta
6 – Hexa
7 – Hepta
8 – Octa
9 – Nona
10 – Deka
Now you get to make an atom
model for any element you want
(must have anywhere from 20 – 36
protons) we will hang them up and
then everyone will decide which
atom you were making!
Identify the Compond Name!
NaNO3
Sodium Nitrate
KCl
Potassium Chloride
H2O
Dihydrogen Monoxide
Ca(OH)2
Calcium Hydroxide
NH4Br
Ammonium Bromide
MgO
Magnesium Oxide
Identify the Compound name!
CH4
Carbon Tetrahydride
Na2O
Sodium Oxide
CoSe
Cobalt (II) Selenide
CrOH
Chromium (I)Hydroxide
Hg2S
Mercury (I) Sulfide
Sn(NCS)3
Tin (III) Thiocyanate
Naming Acids!
Naming Compounds flow chart!
*Note: If it is a covalent compound – use prefixes!
Does the anion
contain oxygen?
Hydro+ anion root
+ -ic
Hydro(anion root)ic acid
Check the
ending of the
anion
Anion or element root
+ -ous
(root)ous acid
Anion or element root
+ -ic
(root)ic acid
PreLab as HW