Transcript APES BellRingers

APES Bell Ringers
Unit 1: Intro
1. 39.305 - 3.9305
2. 39.5 + 3.95
3. 3.95 X 3.9
4. 65.4 X 21.2
5. One mile = 5,280 ft. Calculate the square
feet in one square mile.
6. A Hectare can be defined as a square that is
100m on each side. Calculate the square
meters in a hectare.
Unit 2: Ecology
1. Find the area in this room in square meters.
2. Find the area inside your sampling hoop.
Label your hoop with your name and the
area. You may use a calculator. Round to the
tenth place. You must show your setup in
your notebook.
3. 77 / 3
4. 3694 / 0.9
5. 192 / 1.2
6. 192 / 0.7
Unit 3: Biomes
1 acre = 0.4 hectares
1 hectare = 2.47 acres
1. An environmental organization has stated
that one acre of forest is cleared every
second. Convert this estimate to hectares
per second.
2. Convert this estimate to hectares per year.
Unit 4 Populations
1. Tufisville has a population of 347,628 and a
growth rate of 2%. Find the doubling time.
2. Newbie’s Nob has a population of 1.23 million
and a growth rate of 1.3%. Find the doubling
time.
3. Massey’s Morass has a population of 2.2
million, and is expected to double in 25 years.
What is the growth rate?
Populations – continued
4. 2007 numbers
US population = You better know!
births = 14.3/1000
deaths = 8.0 / 1000
immigration = 126/1000
emigration = 0.09 /1000
Find the growth rate %.
5. Use the numbers above to find the growth rate of
the “natives.”
Unit 5: Biodiversity
1. Farmers in Haiti are being encouraged to
plant Mango trees. A Mango sapling costs
$10. Each tree will produce $75 worth of
fruit per year. A village of 225 people decides
to generate $300 per capita income.
How many trees should they plant?
Biodiversity continued
2. r=(b-d)/N
Solve for b.
3. rN + d = b
Solve for N.
Unit 6: Hardrock Mining
1. LA is 630 km from San Francisco. The plate
under LA is moving 36mm per year toward
SanFran. How many years will it take LA to
reach SanFran?
2. Write your answer from #2 in scientific
notation.
3. 1/3 + ½ =
4. ¾ + 7/9 =
Hardrock Continued
5. 1 3/5 + 6 7/8 =
6. 8 6/7 - 4 ¾ =
7. 22 3/5 - 18 7/9 =
Unit 8: Fossil Fuels and Nuclear
1. Calculate the potential reduction in
petroleum consumption (in gallons of
gasoline per year) by switching to electric
cars with the figures:
• Average US gas mileage is 25 mpg
• Average US car is driven 10,000 miles per year
• US has 150 million cars
Fossil Fuels
2. Billy Bob drives a big@$$ truck because he has a
little thingie, because he hauls a four wheeler to the
deerwoods once a year, and because he is an
American. The Dodge Hemi (BB doesn’t know what
a “Hemi” means – do you?) gets a remarkable 15
mpg. He drives an average of 12,000 miles per year.
i. How many gallons of gas would William Robert
save each year if he drove a Prius at 51 mpg?
ii. How much money would he save each year if
gas is $4 a gallon?
iii. A barrel (42 gal) of crude oil yields almost 20
gallons of gas. How many barrels of oil would BB
save?
Unit 9: Sustainable Energy
• There are currently 7,800 acres leased for tar sands in Utah.
• These lands contain 250 million barrels of recoverable oil.
• Utah holds as much as 19 billion barrels of recoverable oil in
all of it’s tar sands.
• The CIA reports that the US uses 19 million barrels of oil per
day.
1. Calculate the number of days that the oil on the currently
leased lands would supply the US demand.
2. Calculate the number of years that the oil in all of Utah
would meet the US demand.
3. If Utah can produce 1.2 million barrels per day, what
percentage of the US demand would be met?
Sustainable Energy
Anaerobic methane digesters have been used
for many years to reduce energy costs on farms
throughout Europe and on some large farms in
the United States. The digesters operate by
using anaerobic bacteria to break down animal
waste. During the process, which typically uses
a tank heated to about 100°F (38°C) to speed
the reactions, raw manure is broken down and
methane is produced. The methane can then be
used to generate electricity or produce heat.
For a certain dairy farm with 500 cows, the cost of installing a digester is
approximately $400,000. Assume that the farm uses 800,000 kilowatt-hours
(kWh) of electricity each year at a cost of $0.10 per kWh. The waste from a
single cow can produce 3.0 kWh of electricity each day.
A. Describe the steps by which methane produced in the digester can be
used to generate electricity.
B. Discuss TWO environmental benefits that may result from the installation
of an anaerobic methane digester.
C. Assuming that the cost of electricity remains constant and the farmer starts
using the manure from the cows in an anaerobic digester to produce
electricity on the farm, calculate:
i. The number of kWh of electricity that can be produced in one year.
ii. The amount of money the farmer can save in one year, NOT
counting the installation cost of the digester. (You may round your
answer to the nearest $1,000.)
iii. The amount of time, in years, that it will take to recover the cost
of installing an anaerobic digester on the farm. (You may round your
answer to the nearest whole number of years.)
D. Calculate the minimum number of cows the farm would need to produce
800,000 kWh of electricity per year.
% mortality
Unit 10: Toxicology
mg poison per 10 pounds body weight
1. Find the LD50 for this poison.
Toxicology
Since you are an American, you NEED a big@$$ TV. You can
choose from the EnergyStar model or the regular model. The
cost of electricity averages $0.15 per kilowatt-hour., and you
watch (on average) 4 hours of the rubbish per day.
2. The regular TV uses 0.5 kW. How much will it cost you per
year for the electricity to power this beast?
3. If the EnergyStar model uses 40% less electricity, how much
money would you save over the next 5 years?
Unit 11: Air
1. A wind farm has 10 wind turbines each with a capacity of
1.2MW. How many kWh of electricity will the 10 turbines
produce each year? Assume 8000 hours per year at full
operation.
2. In 1832, the atmosphere was 0.028% carbon dioxide. The air
we breath today has 400 ppm CO2. Calculate the percentage
increase in CO2 during this time period.
Unit 12 Water
1. The Cobb family of Fremont is looking at ways to decrease their home
water and energy usage. Their current electric hot-water heater raises the
water temperature to 140 degrees F, which requires 0.20kWh/gallon at a cost
of $0.10/kWh. Each person in the family of four showers once a day for an
average of 10 minutes per shower. The shower has a flow rate of 5.0 gallons
per minute.
a) Calculate
i) The total amount of water that the family uses per year for
taking showers.
ii) The annual cost of the electricity for the family showers,
assuming that 2.5 gallons per minute of the water used is from
the hot-water heater.
b) The family is considering replacing their current hot-water heater with a
new energy-efficient hot-water heater that costs $1000.00 and uses half the
energy that their current hot-water heater uses. How many days would it
take for the new hot-water heater to recover the $1000.00 initial cost?
Water
4. The headpipe at the Russellville wastewater treatment plant
runs one and a half miles from the fairgrounds to the facility.
The diameter of the pipe is 48 inches. Find the capacity in
gallons.
1 US gallon = 0.13 cubic feet
Unit 13 Ag
1. The average American needs 2,000 kilocalories per day.
Calculate the numbers of calories needed per year.
2. An ear of corn contains 80 kilocalories. A bushel contains
1250 ears of corn. An American farm can yield 370 bushels
per hectare. Calculate the number of acres required to feed
one American this vegan diet.
3. What about meatitarians? It takes 20 kg of corn to produce
1kg of beef. Calculate the land (in hectares) needed to feed
this REAL American.
Unit 14: Garbage
1. Use the handout!
(2008 exam)