Transcript SOLUTION Draw a tree diagram and count the number

EXAMPLE 1
Use a tree diagram
Snowboarding
A sporting goods store offers 3 types of snowboards
(all-mountain, freestyle, and carving) and 2 types of
boots (soft and hybrid). How many choices does the
store offer for snowboarding equipment?
SOLUTION
Draw a tree diagram and count the number of branches.
EXAMPLE 1
ANSWER
Use a tree diagram
The tree has 6 branches. So, there are 6
possible choices.
EXAMPLE 2
Use the fundamental counting principle
Photography
You are framing a picture. The frames are available in 12
different styles. Each style is available in 55 different
colors. You also want blue mat board, which is available
in 11 different shades of blue. How many different ways
can you frame the picture?
EXAMPLE 2
Use the fundamental counting principle
SOLUTION
You can use the fundamental counting principle to find
the total number of ways to frame the picture. Multiply
the number of frame styles (12), the number of frame
colors (55), and the number of mat boards (11).
Number of ways = 12
55
11 = 7260
ANSWER
The number of different ways you can frame the picture
is 7260.
EXAMPLE 3
Use the counting principle with repetition
License Plates
The standard configuration for a Texas license plate
is 1 letter followed by 2 digits followed by 3 letters.
a.
How many different license plates are possible if
letters and digits can be repeated?
b.
How many different license plates are possible if
letters and digits cannot be repeated?
EXAMPLE 3
Use the counting principle with repetition
SOLUTION
a.
There are 26 choices for each letter and 10 choices
for each digit. You can use the fundamental
counting principle to find the number of different
plates.
Number of plates = 26 10
10
26 26
26
= 45,697,600
ANSWER
With repetition, the number of different license plates
is 45,697,600.
EXAMPLE 3
b.
Use the counting principle with repetition
If you cannot repeat letters there are still 26 choices
for the first letter, but then only 25 remaining
choices for the second letter, 24 choices for the
third letter, and 23 choices for the fourth letter.
Similarly, there are 10 choices for the first digit and
9 choices for the second digit. You can use the
fundamental counting principle to find the number
of different plates.
Number of plates = 26 10
9
25
24
23
= 32,292,000
ANSWER
Without repetition, the number of different
license plates is 32,292,000.
GUIDED PRACTICE
1.
for Examples 1, 2 and 3
SPORTING GOODS The store in Example 1 also
offers 3 different types of bicycles (mountain,
racing, and BMX) and 3 different wheel sizes (20
in., 22 in., and 24 in.). How many bicycle choices
does the store offer?
ANSWER
9 bicycles
GUIDED PRACTICE
2.
for Examples 1, 2 and 3
WHAT IF? In Example 3, how do the answers
change for the standard configuration of a New
York license plate, which is 3 letters followed by
4 numbers?
ANSWER
a. The number of plates would increase to 175,760,000.
b. The number of plates would increase to 78,624,000.