Transcript Positive and Negative Numbers

Positive and Negative Numbers
0
1
2
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5
X
For a long time people had refused to
believe in negative numbers. In our time,
however, their existence is rarely questioned.
.
Created by Inna Shapiro ©2007
Positive and Negative Numbers
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
0
1
2
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5
X
Are you ready to take the challenge
of the negative numbers?
Problem 1
• Find the rule and fill empty cells:
a
b
c
5
-11
6
32
-18
-14
-17
5
-14
14
11
57
Answer
C=-(a+b)
a
b
c
5
-11
6
32
-18
-14
-17
5
12
-14
14
0
11
57
-68
Problem 2
• Pete chose several positive and negative
points on the coordinate line. Mary added
all these numbers together and got 25.
Pete moved all points by 5 units to the left.
Mary added the new numbers together and
got –35.
• How many numbers were chosen?
Answer
• The sum was 25, and then it changed to -35.
• So the difference between the old sum and the
new one is
25-(-35)=60
• That means that Peter chose
60/5=12 numbers
Problem 3
• Insert numbers into empty cells
so that each of them, starting from
the third one, is equal to the sum of
two previous numbers.
2
0
Answer
Filling of cells is shown on the schema,
starting from the adjacent cells
-42
-2
2
0
2
4
-2
2
0
2
2
-6
4
-2
2
0
2
2
10
-6
4
-2
2
0
2
2
-16
10
-6
4
-2
2
0
2
2
26
-16
10
-6
4
-2
2
0
2
2
26
-16
10
-6
4
-2
2
0
2
2
Problem 4
• John has 9 cards with numbers
•
-6, -4, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 on them.
Can he choose some cards
so that the sum of chosen numbers
is equal to –8?
Answer
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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He can choose different sets of cards:
-6, -2
-6, -2, -1, 1
-6, -2, -4, 4
-6, -2, -1, 1, -4, 4
-6,-4, 2
-6, -4, 2, -1, 1
-6, -4, -2, -1, 2, 3
Problem 5
• Judy says that she can write 19 numbers
in a row, so that the sum of each number
with adjacent numbers from the left and
from the right is positive, but the total sum
of all numbers is negative.
•Is she right or wrong?
Answer
• Judy is right. Her row is:
-7, 4, 4, -7, 4, 4, -7, 4, 4, -7, 4, 4, -7, 4, 4, -7, 4, 4, -7
Problem 6
• Replace letters with numbers so that the sums
of the numbers in any row, any column, or
main diagonals are all equal.
A
8
B
-14
2
C
-8
-4
-6
-2
D
E
4
F
-18
G
Answer
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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The diagonal sum is 4-2-8-14=-20, so
A=-20-(4-6+2)=-20
-20
8
6
C=-20-(2-8-4)=-10
B=-20-(-20=8-14)=6
2
-10
-8
D =-20-(6-8-18)=0
-2
0
E =-20-(-6-2+0)=-12 -6
F =-20-(8-10-2)=-16 4
-16
-18
G =-20-(4-16-18)=10
-14
-4
-12
10
Problem 7
• Calculate:
-100-99-98-……-1+1+2+…+100+101
Answer
• Let us change the order in the sum
-100-99-98-……-1+1+2+…+100+101=
= (- 100 + 100) + (- 99 + 99) + … + (-1 + 1) +
+ 0 + 101
= 0+101
•
So the answer is 101.
Problem 8
• Calculate
1+2-3-4+5+6-7-8+…+301+302
Answer
• Let us group the numbers:
1+(2-3-4+5)+(6-7-8+9)+…(298-299300+301)+302
(2-3-4+5)=0
(6-7-8+9=0) and so on.
• So the sum is 1+302=303 .
Problem 9
• Jill wrote a long sum:
17=17+16+15+14…+(X+1)+X
What was the number X in her sum?
Answer
• X=-16, because
17+16+15+14…+1+0+(-1)+…+(-16)=
= 17 + 0 = 17
Problem 10
• Fill in the cells with 1’s and –1’s so that the sum of
the numbers in any 2x2 square is zero.
Answer
1
-1
1
-1
1
-1
1
-1
-1
1
-1
1
-1
1
-1
1