Transcript Significant Figures

Significant Figures
Significant Figures
1.
All nonzero digits are significant.
• Example: 145 (3 sig figs)
2.
Zeroes between two significant figures are
themselves significant.
• Example: 301 (3 sig figs) but 310 (2 sig figs)
3.
Zeroes at the beginning of a number are never
significant.
– Example: 0.692 (3 sig figs)
4.
Zeroes at the end of a number are significant if a
decimal point is written in the number.
• Example:1050 (3 sig figs)
• Example: 4.7010 (5 sig figs)
Calculating with Significant Figures
• When addition or subtraction is
performed, answers are rounded to the
least significant decimal place.
• Example 1: 16.9 + 210 =
Answer is NOT: 226.9
Answer is: 230
• Example 2: 134 – 1.99 =
Answer is NOT: 132.01
Answer is: 132
Calculating with Significant Figures
• When multiplication or division is performed,
answers are rounded to the number of digits
that corresponds to the least number of
significant figures in any of the numbers used
in the calculation.
• Example 1: 125.0 x .014 =
Answer is NOT: 1.75
Answer is: 1.8
• Example 2: 5.49 / 5 =
Answer is NOT: 1.098
Answer is: 1
Density
• Density = mass / volume
– What is the density of a metal that has a mass
of 5.0 g and a volume of 30.0 mL?
• 0.17 g/mL
Percent Error
% error = abs value (actual – experimental) x100
actual
Example: What is the percent error if an
experiment created 5.0 grams of product when
it was expected to create 5.5 grams?
Answer: 9.1%