Transcript 5th Grade Math Vocabulary Words

Multiplication Properties
Commutative You can always multiply
numbers in any order and the
product will be the same.
Ex: 5 x 4 = 20 & 4 x 5 = 20
Property of One When one of the factors
is 1, the product equals
the other number.
Ex: 5 x 1 = 5
Associative Property –
You can group factors
differently and the product will
be the same.
Ex: (4 x 4) x 2 = 4 x (4 x 2)
Zero Property When one factor is 0,
the product is 0.
Ex: 8 x 0 = 0
Perimeter
• The distance around a
figure.
• Formula = square = 4s
• Rectangle = 2l + 2w
• All other shapes – add ALL
sides
AREA
The number of square units
needed to cover a surface.
Area = length x width
8 cm.
3 cm.
8x3=
24 square cm.
Area of a Triangle
• Formula: ½ bh or bh
2
• A triangle is half of a rectangle/square so we
use the same formula but cut it in half.
• EX:
6 in.
12in.
Area of the rectangle would be 6 X 12 = 72 sq. in.
Area of the triangle would be (6X12) ÷ 2 = 36 sq. in.
Volume
The measure of the space a solid figure
occupies. Volume is measured in cubic units.
Volume = length x width x
height
V =LXWXH
8x3x4=
8 in.
3 in.
4 in.
96 cubic inches
Factors
Numbers multiplied together to find a product.
Ex: The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12
Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
The greatest number that is a factor of each or two
or more numbers.
The greatest
The factors of 12 are = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,
common
12
factor is 6.
The factors of 18 are = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9,
A number that has exactly 2 factors, 1
and the number itself.
Ex: 3, 5, 7, 11, 13
Numbers that have more than two factors.
Ex: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10
Metric Units
Length:
- millimeter (mm)
- centimeter (cm)
- decimeter (dm)
- meter (m)
1 meter = 10 decimeters, 100 centimeters, 1,000
millimeters
1 decimeter = 10 centimeters, 100 millimeters
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
Capacity :
- milliliter (mL)
- liter (L)
- kiloliter (kL)
1 liter = 1,000 milliliters
1 kiloliter = 1,000 liters
Weight (Mass) :
-gram (g)
1 gram = 1,000 milligrams
- kilogram (kg)
1 kilogram = 1,000 grams
-milligram (mg)
Parallel Lines
Lines that will always be the same
distance apart , they will never cross
Perpendicular Lines
Lines that cross each other to make
a perfect right angle
Intersecting Lines
Lines that meet or cross each other
Ray
A part of a line that has
one endpoint and extends
indefinitely in one
direction.
Line
A set of points in a line that goes
on forever in both direction.
Line Segment
A part of a line defined by two
endpoints.
Angle
Two rays that share an
endpoint
Right Angle
An angle that measures
exactly 90 °.
Obtuse Angle
An angle with a measure
greater than 90° and less
than 180°.
Acute Angle
An angle with a measure
less than 90°.
Straight Angle
An angle with a measure of
exactly 180°.
Polygon
A closed figure made only
of straight lines.
Quadrilateral
A four sided polygon.
Trapezoid
A quadrilateral with
exactly two parallel sides.
Rectangle
A quadrilateral with two
pairs of congruent, parallel
sides and four right angle.
Square
A rectangle with four
congruent sides and four
right angles.
Parallelogram
A quadrilateral with two
pairs of parallel AND
congruent sides.
Rhombus
A parallelogram with all
four sides equal in length.
Isosceles Triangle
A triangle with two
congruent sides.
3 cm.
3 cm.
2 cm.
Scalene Triangle
A triangle in which each
side is a different length.
2 cm.
4 cm.
3 cm.
Equilateral Triangle
A triangle with all sides
congruent.
2 cm.
2 cm.
2 cm.
Obtuse Triangle
A triangle which has one
obtuse angle.
Acute Triangle
A triangle with 3 acute
angles.
Right Triangle
A triangle with 1 right
angle.
Congruent Figures
Figures that have the same
size and same shape.
Similar Figures
Figures that have the same
size OR the same shape.
They do not have both.
Line Symmetry
When a figure can be
folded on a line so that it’s
two parts are congruent.
Radius
A line segment that connects the
center with a point on the circle.
Chord
Chord
Diameter
A line segment that connects any two
points on a circle.
Diameter
A chord that passes through the center
of a circle.
Circumference
The perimeter of a circle.
Radius
Radius
A line segment
that connects
the center
with a point on
the circle.
Radius
Diameter
A chord that
passes
through the
center of a
circle.
Diameter
Chord
A line
segment that
connects any
two points on
a circle.
Chord
Circumference
The
perimeter
of a
circle.
Transformation
Anytime you move a figure, you
transform it. The
transformations are translation,
rotation, and reflection.
Translation
Aka - slide
A transformation that slides
a figure in a given distance
and in a given direction.
Reflection
Aka - flip
A transformation that
creates a mirror image of
a figure on the opposite
side of a line .
Rotation
Aka - turn
A transformation in which a
figure is turned around a point.
Face
A plane figure that serves
as one side of a solid figure.
Edge
The line segment where two
faces of a solid figure
meet.
Vertex
A point on a polyhedron
where three or more faces
intersect.
Base
A special kind of face. The
shape could “rest” on it.
Prism
A 3-Dimensional figure that has
two congruent and parallel
faces that are polygons. The
rest of the faces are
parallelograms.
Pyramid
A 3-Dimensional figure whose
base is a polygon and whose
other faces are triangles that
share a common vertex.
Volume
The number of cubic units
it takes to fill a solid.
V = L x W x H
Equivalent Fractions
Fractions that name the same
number or amount.
3
4
6
8
Improper Fraction
Fraction in which the
numerator is bigger than the
denominator. You must DIVIDE
to make it into a mixed
number.
EX: 25
4
Mixed Number
Number that contains a whole number
and a fraction.
Ex:
Certain
Something that will ALWAYS
happen.
Compatible Numbers
Pairs of numbers that are easy to compute in
your head.
Cubic Units
The number of cubes with
dimensions of 1 unit x 1 unit
x 1unit that can fit inside a
solid figure. Unit used to
show volume.
Ascending
In order from least to greatest
number.
Descending
In order from greatest to least
number.
Formula
A set of symbols that expresses a
mathematical rule.
EX: A = l x w
Inverse Operations
Opposite operations that undo each other.
Ex: addition & subtraction or multiplication & division
Possible Outcomes
Something that has a chance of happening in
an experiment.
Simplest Form
A fraction that has 1 as the greatest common factor
of the numerator and denominator. The numerator
and denominator are as low as they can go.
Greatest Common Factor
•Also known as GCF
•The largest number that
divides evenly into two or more
numbers.
Vertical Axis
A.K.A – Y-Axis
The vertical number line on a graph.
Horizontal Axis
A.K.A – X-Axis
The horizontal number line on a graph
Division
• Dividend – the large number that is
being divided
• Divisor – the number you are
dividing by
• Quotient – the answer to a division
7
problem
28 ÷ 4 = 7 OR 4
28
28 is the dividend, 4 is the divisor, and 7 is the
quotient
Elapsed Time
• The amount of time that passes between
two set times. Ex: start time of a class and
end time
Units of Time
•
•
•
•
1
1
1
1
year = 365 days
• 1 day = 24 hours
year = 12 months • 1 hour = 60 minutes
year = 52 weeks • 1 minute = 60 seconds
week = 7 days
Multiplication
• The operation of repeated addition.
• EX: 3 X 4 = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
7
4
4 X 7 = 28
Array
An arrangement of objects in equal rows.
EX:
Unmarked Array
An array without the boxes in the
inside. An “empty”array.
3
EX:
11
Dimensions
The lengths of the sides of an object or array.
EX:
5 and 7 are the
dimensions of this
unmarked array.
5
7
Square Number
A number that can be made into a square array.
EX:
3
3
3X3=9
so 9 is a square number.
Multiplication Combination
When you have labeled the dimensions of
an array they are the multiplication
combinations for the number. (Number
6
Sentence)
4 X 6 = 24 4
Multiple
• The product of a number and any other number.
• The multiples of a number are what you say when
you are counting by that number
EX: The multiples of 6 are: 18, 24, 30, 36…
Reasonable
Does that make sense????
Fraction – A way of
representing part of a
whole or part of a group.
Numerator – The number on top that tells
how many equal parts are described in the
fraction.
Denominator – The quantity below
the line in a fraction. It tells the
number of equal parts into which
the whole is divided.
Median
The middle number of a
set of numbers when the
numbers are arranged
from greatest to least
Mode
The number that appears most
frequently in a set of number.
There might be one mode,
more than one mode, or no
mode.
Range
The difference between the
greatest and the least value
in a set of data
peRIMeter
The middle number in an ordered
series of numbers
EX: 65, 78, 80, 93, 98
Median = 80
The difference in the
greatest and least
numbers in a set of data.
Ex: 92, 95, 76, 100
Range = 100 – 76 = 24
The number that is listed the
most often in a set of data.
Ex: 3, 4, 4, 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9
Mode = 7
Even
ends with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
Odd
ends with 1, 3, 5, 7,9
Customary Units
•Length:
– Inch (in.) - Foot (ft.)
– Yard (yd) - Mile (mi)
1 Foot = 12 inches
1 Yard = 3 feet
•Weight
– Ounce (oz)
– Pound (lb)
1 Pound = 16 Ounces
•Capacity:
- Cup
- Quart
- Pint
- Gallon
1 Pint = 2 cups
1 Quart = 2 pints
1 Gallon = 4 Quarts