Optimizing Sites at Penn State (Word Press) for Accessibility
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Transcript Optimizing Sites at Penn State (Word Press) for Accessibility
Optimizing Sites at
Penn State (Word
Press) for
Accessibility
Elizabeth Pyatt
[email protected]
See Notes panel for image ALT tags
Outline
Audience for Accessibility & Policy
Tasks by Role
Blog/Page Editor: Posts, Pages
Headings, Link Text, Image ALT Text, Other
Site Owner: Plugins, CSS, Widgets
WP Admin (beyond Sites)
Adjustments without Code
Adjustments with Code
Accessibility Audiences
Severe Visual Impairments
No usable vision. Use audio cues from screen
reader
Need descriptions for images
Use headings, link text, table , form labelsas
navigation cues
Low vision & color deficient
Some vision, but legibility important
Responsive design important
More Audiences
Deaf
Captions & Transcripts please
http://accessibility.psu.edu/video
Cognitive/Learning Disabilities
Usability & legibility critical
Use menus & widgets well
Motion Impaired
Can’t use hands (easily)
Neurological (e.g. Epilepsy)
Please don’t flicker quickly
Policy
A.D. 69
Online content relating to core PSU business
(e.g. teaching) must comply with accessibility
standards
Core Business
Dept. & Program sites
Course sites
Research sites
NOT wedding & personal hobby sites
Accessibility Benefits of Sites
Properly Coded Template
Search Form
Proper use of Labels
Navigation Templates
Proper use of Headings. Some ARIA Roles.
Page Titles
Based on titles of blog entries/pages
Rendered as appropriate Headings
Good editing tools
But YOU must use them well.
2 Main Roles (Editor & Owner)
Page/Blog Editor
Use Heading Styles
Specific Link Text
Add image ALT text
Tables (there’s a trick)
Site Owner
All above
Choose appropriate plugins
Legible color scheme + fonts
Adjust CSS (power user)
Accessible HTML in widgets (power user)
Headings and Screen Readers
Headings =
H1, H2, H3…H6
Use in long pages/posts
Also menus and other sections
of a page template
Users scan to get overview
of content
NOT H1 (Page title)
Paragraph (P)
Enclose text in P so screen
readers can read
passages one P at a time
Headings for Sighted Users
A syllabus uses headings to note different types of information
Word Press Visual Editor
Vague Link Experience
Clear Link Text (Same Fix Everywhere)
Important because
Screen readers may jump from link to link
Also enhances “link scent” for all users
Avoid Vague or Wordy Links
“For more information about international music, click here”
“Learn about additional international music resources that might
be useful in class or in research”
Too may URL links (e.g.
http://www.isme.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=se
ction&layout=blog&id=6&Itemid=1 7)
International Society for Music Education Publications
Use This
Learn more from “International Music Links”
This strategy works across all tools!
Links on a Screen Reader
Image ALT Tag/Text/Attribute
Image from
Wikipedia
Text which replaces image if it can’t be
processed
ALT=“Washington at Valley Forge in winter
snow”
Appears when image fails to load
Pick the Best ALT Tag
Context: Multilingual Signage
1. Wow – a bilingual ad in State College!
2. CATAMultilingualCrop.jpg
3. As you can see, State College is a
multilingual community.
4. Ad on State College bus for Nationwide
agent Andy Jiang with text in Chinese
and English
5. Multilingual ad on XG line of CATA bus.
Add ALT Text in Sites
Code
<img src=“x.jpg” alt=“ALT
Text Here”>
Add Media (WYSIWYG)
During Insert
During Upload
Use “ALT Text”
Title, Description are metadata
Caption appears below image
Caption ≠ ALT Text
What to do with Tables
Bad News
No good WYSIWYG table editor in Sites
BUT
Dreamweaver, ANGEL, Canvas do
Can copy and paste HTML code
Can copy and paste from TablePress output, but must
tweak code to WCAG compliance
Code?
See http://accessibility.psu.edu/tableshtml
Keys:
Don’t merge cells, Label all columns
Site Owner - Themes
Choose for Function Not Looks
Choose contrastive colors in options or CSS
http://accessibility.psu.edu/contrasthtml
Simple, but Accessible
2011-2015
More options
Divi, Genesis, PageLines
Caution
Not EVERY option accessible
Test unusual layouts & options
[email protected] can do screenreader testing
Color Deficient Vision
Affects 9% U.S. Men
Usually causes inability to distinguish
Red/green
Sometimes blue/purple
Sometimes red may appear black
Also blind users can’t use color coding
Workarounds
Supplement color coding with text/shape or
some other non-color cue.
Does it work in black and white?
Color Contrast (Luminosity)
Affects low vision, color deficient users
“Low vision” = some visual acuity left
Many “elderly” (40 y.o. +) users require some
accommodation in this area
Not too vivid or too bright
But not too subtle or too light either
Use medium red, dark gray, dark teal on
white
Avoid
and white
Use with
CHECK!
instead
Common Contrast Pitfalls
Color Coded Links
OK Because
Links include keywords like “Vocabulary”,
“Pronunciation”
Chart Example: Which works best in
Black and White?
Right/Wrong Color Coding
(Red = wrong, Green = OK)
Can use if
Supplemented by shape
Green check vs red X in ANGEL answer Key
Labels in or near colored areas
Change green to blue
Useful Plugins
Jet Pack
Full control of CSS for any theme
Requires WordPress.com account
Gravity Forms
Generally accessible output form
Descriptions might not be accessible to screen
readers
More Useful Plugins
SiteMap
Can be useful for some users to find page
Events Calendar (not bad)
Individual event generally accessible (not map)
Generates ical & Google cal links
List view best
Sites.psu.edu/xx/events/list
MathJax-LaTeX (+MathML)
If you have math content
Not so Accessible
Table Press
Output not completely accessible
Meta Slider
Rotating slideshows NOT accessible
Difficult for people with motion/cognitive
impairments
Static Slideshows with ALT text accessible
Inaccessible Hero (PageLines)
Looks good, no ALT text option
Inaccessible Hero Fix (via HTML)
Create using tool
Publish
Cut and paste code on another page
Tweak as needed (e.g. add ALT text)
CSS & Keyboard Focus
Anyone with motor control issues but who
retain vision
Carpal Tunnel
Parkinson’s/Essential Tremor
May rely on keyboard or joystick buttons
Where’s the cursor?
Where’s the Skip Nav link?
Which tab is highlighted?
Keyboard tabbing
Which tab is highlighted?
With :hover styling
Browser Default Link Focus
Keyboard Focus on Accessibility Site
By customer request
Keyboard Focus in Forms
CSS :focus attribute
When element has keyboard focus (e.g. TAB)
a:focus – control link style for keyboard users
:focus – any element (link, form field, element
with TABINDEX attribute)
Example
:focus {
background-color: #DEF;
outline: 2px solid #018 !important;
(margin-left:0) /*if you need to unhide item*/}
How to disable
:focus {outline: none} /*Nooooooo!*/
Another Application
Self Check Rollover
Use both a:hover and a:focus on a pseudo
link to reveal an answer
http://archive.tlt.psu.edu/accessibility/tabinde
x0.html#nonform
Line-Height Attribute
line-height=1 vs. line-height=1.25 or 1.25 em
Absolute vs. Relative Line Height
Relative (Recommended)
body {line-height:1.25} /*125% of font size*/
h1,h2,h3 {line-height: 1}
Absolute (Wonky, but Common)
body {font-size:14px; line-height:21px}
Can negatively impact other elements (e.g.
table cells}
Questions?
[email protected]
http://accessibility.psu.edu
http://sites.psu.edu/support/
Yammer – PSU Accessibility & Sites at Penn
State group