Transcript contributions of early civilizations

CONTRIBUTIONS
OF EARLY
CIVILIZATIONS
Nadzak
6.1
WORDS TO KNOW
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Ziggurat
Cunieform
Hammurabi’s Code
Astronomy
Sanskrit
Caste system
pharaoh
Civilization began in an area known as
the Fertile Crescent.
• Located near the eastern shore of the
Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf
• Rich soil – shaped like crescent
• Eastern section between Tigris & Euphrates =
Mesopotamia – “land between two rivers”
• Western section = Mediterranean
• Sumerian, Babylonia, Phoenician & Egyptian
cultures evolved here
Civilization began in an area known as
the ________________.
• Located near the eastern shore of the
_________________ Sea to the _______Gulf
• Rich soil – shaped like ___________
• Eastern section between ___________ &
_____________= _____________ – “land
between two rivers”
• Western section = Mediterranean
• ________ & _________ & __________ &
______________cultures evolved here
Civilizations have 4 characteristics
• Surplus of food – leads to trade
• Division of labor – different types of
jobs
• Organized institutions – gov’t,
religion
• System of written communication –
cuneiform, hieroglyphics, Sanskrit
Ask a partner!
Civilizations have 4 characteristics
• Surplus of food – leads to ________
• _______________– different types
of jobs
• Organized institutions include
_______ & ______________
• System of written communication –
___________ & _____________ &
___________________
Sumerians
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1st people in Fertile Crescent
3500 – 2000 BC(BCE = before common era)
Farmed & raised cattle
Traders & artists
Built temples & monuments called ziggurats
Cuneiform = wedge-shaped
Studied science & math & developed calendar
Army used complex weapons made of metal
Sumerians
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1st people in ____________________
______________ BC(BCE = before common era)
Farmed & raised _______________
Traders & _________________
Built temples & monuments called _________
_______________= wedge-shaped
Studied __________ & ____________&
developed ____________________
• Army used complex weapons made of ______
Babylonians
• Babylon located on Euphrates
River – capital & impt center
for trade & religion
• Hammurabi’s Code (1792 –
1750 BC)
• Believed in astrology – led to
astronomy = study of universe
Babylonians
• Babylon located on ______
River – capital & impt center
for _________ & ____________
• ______________ Code (1792 –
1750 BC)
• Believed in astrology – led to
______________ = study of
universe
How many facts can you say in 10
seconds?
Indus valley civilization
(mohenjo-daro)
Phoenicians
• Lived in city-states along Mediterranean
coast (1200 – 800 BC)
• Not much land to farm so became most
famous traders of ancient world
• Skilled shipbuilders & were good sailors
• Used stars to travel by night
• Traded wool, papyrus, ivory & glass
• Invented alphabet similar to ours – passed
onto Greeks
Phoenicians
• Lived in city-states along
________________coast (1200 – 800 BC)
• Not much land to farm so became most
famous ___________ of ancient world
• Skilled _______________ & were good sailors
• Used _________to travel by night
• Traded ________ & ___________ & ______ &
_________
• Invented ___________similar to ours –
passed onto Greeks
Egyptians
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Nile River valley civilizations
One of oldest & longest lasting civilizations of world
Developed advanced civilization
Built cities, invented hieroglyphics & created large
monuments (pyramids)
Had many nat’l barriers that protected it from
invasion = deserts in west & east – Red Sea in east &
Mediterranean Sea in north
Flooding of Nile = fertile land for crops – led to
surplus of food – made Egyptians RICH!
Nile made it easy to travel
Religion impt – polytheistic
Rulers = pharaohs
Kingdoms of Egypt
• OLD KINGDOM – gov’t developed, pyramids
built, mummification
• MIDDLE KINGDOM – Egypt conquered Nubia,
invaded Syria & Palestine – pharaohs drained
swamps to provide more land – built canal to
connect Nile to Red Sea
• NEW KINGDOM – Egypt created empire – first
female pharaoh, Hatshepsut – monotheistic
under Amenhotep IV
Are you paying attention?
Indus River Valley
• 3000 BC – 1500 BC
• 2 major cities = Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro
• Civilizations lasted for hundred of yrs and were
advanced
• Excavation revealed houses with plumbing
connected to street sewers & large walled cities
& mud brick bldgs
• Well-organized gov’t
• Harrappan rulers based power on religion
• Economy based on farming & herding
• Indus River Valley flooded – rich soil
• Traded with Mesopotamia
Indus River Valley
• __________ to ___________ BC
• 2 major cities = _________ & ______________
• Civilizations lasted for hundred of yrs and were
________________
• Excavation revealed houses with __________
connected to street sewers & large walled cities
& _______________bldgs
• Well-organized _____________
• Harrappan rulers based power on __________
• _____________ based on farming & herding
• _____________________flooded – rich soil
• Traded with ______________________
Aryans
• 1500 BC nomads, the Aryans, migrated to Indus
River Valley
• Conquered Harappans & created new Indian
society based on their own culture
• Aryans’ religious beliefs helped form Hinduism
• Carefully planned cities that included farming &
herding
• Used irrigation & grew variety of crops (rice,
millet, wheat & barley)
• By 1000 BC developed new form of writing,
Sanskrit
• System of social classes called Caste System
Aryans
• 1500 BC __________, the Aryans, migrated to
_________________________
• Conquered _______________ & created new Indian
society based on their own culture
• Aryans’ religious beliefs helped form _________
• Carefully planned ___________ that included farming &
herding
• Used irrigation & grew variety of crops including
_______ & _________ & __________- & _________
• By 1000 BC developed new form of writing,
_______________________
• System of social classes called _________________
Hey YOU in the back row – WAKE UP!
Huang He River Valley
• Also called Yellow River Valley
• Along 2 rivers = Huang He
(Yellow) & Chang Jiang (Long)
• Chinese civilization began
with Xia Dynasty over 4000
yrs ago – not much known
about this dynasty
Earn WOW pts
by finding out what this is?
Huang He River Valley
• Also called ______ River Valley
• Along 2 rivers = _______(Yellow)
& Chang Jiang (_________)
• Chinese civilization began with
_____ Dynasty over 4000 yrs ago
– not much known about this
dynasty
Shang Dynasty
• Replaced Xia Dynasty
• Included an aristocracy whose wealth was based
on land
• Power passed from generation to generation
• Shang king ruled kingdom divided into territories
with warlords in charge of each territory
• Kings chose warlord leaders & could remove them
• By controlling warlords, king controlled large
armies which protected his territory
• Early Chinese had strong belief in life after death
• Majority of Chinese were peasants who farmed
land owned by aristocrats – some were merchants
& artisans known for bronze artwork
Shang Dynasty
• Replaced _______ Dynasty
• Included an _________ whose wealth was based
on land
• Power passed from ___________ to __________
• Shang king ruled kingdom divided into ________
with ________in charge of each territory
• Kings chose warlord leaders & could ______ them
• By controlling warlords, king controlled
_________________________________
• Early Chinese had strong belief in ____after ____
• Majority of Chinese were __________ who farmed
land owned by aristocrats – some were merchants
& artisans known for ___________artwork
Silk Road
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