Transcript Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia
Mr. Pentzak
Bell Ringer # 12
 Take out your homework
 1. Where is Mesopotamia?
 2. What were the names of the civilizations that lived there?
 3. What things did those civilizations accomplish?
 4 Copy the following sentence:
Mr. Pentzak’s class will not have a pop quiz today.
Circle the verb, underline the nouns, and draw a triangle
around the adjective in that sentence.
LOL JK
POP
QUIZ!!!
Clear your desk of everything besides a pencil
& a pen
Take your quiz in PENCIL. Grade in PEN
Pop Quiz #2.5
 Take out your homework on City-States in Mesopotamia.
Write your answers on a blank sheet of paper.
1. Name one of the two rivers that framed Mesopotamia
2. What was Hammurabi’s Code?
3. True or false, the Sumerians had a religion that was mostly
monotheistic?
4. What does the word “Mesopotamia” mean in Greek?
5. True or false, Mesopotamia had few natural resources
available for people to use?
*BONUS* What was the Sumerian written language called?
Vocabulary List One
1.
Matriarchal- Female dominated rule or government
2.
Patriarchal- Male dominated rule or government
3.
Push Factor- Negative reason for migration
4.
Pull Factor- Positive reason for migtation
5.
Animism- Attributing souls to inanimate objects in nature (trees, rocks, animals)
6.
Paleo- A stem meaning old
7.
Neo- A stem meaning new
8.
Lith- A stem meaning stone
9.
Nomad- A person with no fixed home/moves in search of food
10. Agriculture- Growing food crops and raising animals; farming
Vocabulary List Two
1.
2.
Fertile- producing or capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops
Irrigation-a system of supplying land with water by means of artificial
canals, ditches, etc., esp. to promote the growth of food crops
3. Silt-fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and
deposited as a sediment
4. Ziggurat-a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple
5. Scribe-a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do
this before printing was invented
6. Monotheism- the belief in one god
7. Polytheism- the belief in many gods
8. City-State-a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent
state
9. Alliance-a union between people, groups, countries, etc. : a relationship in
which people agree to work together
10. Arid-having little or no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation
Flash Cards
 Write the word and draw a picture on the FRONT
 Write the definition on the BACK
 Make one for each vocabulary word
 Make them out of lined paper or index cards
Vocab Alive!
 We will divide ourselves until we have ten groups
 I will assign you a vocabulary word
 Your group will come up with a physical action that
represents the meaning of the word
 We will go around the circle; Say your word, say the
the definition, show your action. The next group
says your word, repeats the definition, repeats the
action, then adds their word, definition and action.
Bell Ringer
Take out your List One and List Two flashcards. Do this on a separate
sheet of paper.
 What word was a Sumerian invention that helped grow crops in their
hot, dry climate?
 In the above question, which vocabulary word describes that climate?
 What are the two rivers in Mesopotamia?
 When those rivers flood, what do they leave behind that makes the
land capable of producing abundant crops?
 What vocab what is described above?
 When you are finished, quietly review your flashcards…
Bell Ringer
Please do this on a separate sheet of paper.
 1. Sumerians worshiped several gods. What vocabulary word
describes this?
 2. What is the building called were Sumerians went to pray?
 3. When the rivers flood, what is deposited as a sediment that
makes the land fertile?
 4. What word was a Sumerian invention that helped grow
crops in their hot, dry climate?
 5. What vocabulary word describes that climate?
Bell Ringer #14
 Who was the matriarch of the Mesopotamian gods?
 Who was the hero god of Mesopotamia, and what
did he accomplish?
 Based on the content of that story, what things did
ancient Mesopotamians value?
Creation Stories
 What are they?
 Creation stories attempt to explain the beginning of
time, the creation of the Earth and humans, and
natural phenomenon (earthquakes, the rising and
setting of the sun, thunderstorms, volcanoes, etc.)
 Every culture has their own beliefs. Do we know
any examples?
 We are going to focus on Mesopotamia’s Creation
Stories
On your paper
 Main characters
 Setting
 PLOT (What happens first, next, climax, then, last)
 Answer the questions at the end of the story
Cornell Notes
 I would like you to start taking notes using the
Cornell System
 This allows you to effectively quiz yourself (by
covering either one of the columns) and helps you
to remember information long term by
summarizing it in your own words.
(Topic on top line)
CUE COLUMN
Fill this section in after you are
finished taking notes.
Use key words, main ideas, or
sub topics to give you clues
about what you wrote down.
When you study, cover up your
notes and try to recall info only
from the ideas in the Cue
Column
Date
NOTES
 Here is where you write brief notes
 Use abbreviations
 Draw yourself pictures
 Invent your own shortcuts, don’t
focus on writing the entire slide
word for word
 Skip a line between new ideas or
topics to keep information
seperated.
Summary of the entire lesson goes here (Leave the last 5-7 Lines of your
paper for this section).
Mesopotamia
 Means “Between the Rivers”
 Tigris & Euphrates
 A region, not a country!
 Controlled by various societies/civilizations over time.
 Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, Romans,
etc.
Geography
 Natural Boundaries:
-Zagros Mnts.
-Persian Gulf
-Red Sea
 Isolated
 Fertile flood
plain
-Taurus Mnts.
-Mediterranean Sea
-Arabian & Syrian Desert
Fertile Crescent
 “Fertile Crescent”- A boomerang shaped region
in the middle east
 The first civilizations begin here
 Arid= (of land or a climate) having little or no rain;
too dry or barren to support vegetation
 Annual flooding of Tigris and Euphrates deposits silt
 Silt= fine sand, clay,
or other material carried
by running water and
deposited as a sediment
Rise of Civilization
 Agriculture develops about 10,000 years ago
 Hunter-Gatherers previously!
 Neolithic farmers settle in Fertile Crescent around
6000 BCE
 Agriculture becomes increasingly complex which
in turn makes society more complex
 Villages → Towns → Cities → City-States
 Division of labor & specialization (jobs), surplus!
Sumerians
 Settle in the region around 5000 BCE
 A distinct and flourishing culture emerges
 Later civilizations will borrow heavily from them
 Develop irrigation= a system of supplying land with
water by means of artificial canals, ditches, etc., esp. to
promote the growth of food crops
 Inventions: plow, wheeled vehicles, sailboat,
mathematics, astronomy, the arch, writing, potter’s
wheel, and the frying pan
 Bring us out of Neolithic age, Bronze Age! (c. 3100 BCE)
 Iron will replace bronze c. 1200 BCE
Sargon the Great
 Akkadian (North of Sumer, South of Assur)
 Conquers most of Mesopotamia
 First Empire
 Ruled c. 2334 BCE – 2279 BCE
 Subsequent kings tried to emulate
 Cultural blending as empire spreads
 Also known as Cultural DiffusionThe spreading out of culture, culture traits,
or a cultural pattern from a central point
Babylon
Babylon
 Possibly built by Sargon the Great
 Major political, cultural, and religious center
of Mesopotamia
 Highly prized-attacked often
 Hanging Gardens
City Life
 Ur & Uruk
 First cities
 Walled
 Mud brick cities
 Narrow, crowded streets
 Buildings several stories high
 Ziggurat in center of town
Economy
 Extensive trade networks develop
 Needs/wants- timber, metal ore/alloys, precious stones,
spices
 Traded for agricultural products and textiles
 Wheat, beans, grapes, olives, flax
 Contracts and debts recorded by scribes on
cuneiform tablets
 Several laws enacted regarding trade, wages, and
prices
Religion
 Polytheistic
 Over 3,000 gods. Each city had a patron god
 Statues would be placed in temples so there
would always be something praying to the gods
 Daily sacrifices
 beer, bread, fruit, wine, meat
 Same gods, names change over time
depending on the culture in power
Religion cont.
 Ziggurat- a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes
surmounted by a temple
 Every city had one, and rulers used them to display
their wealth and devotion to the gods
 Marduk was the most important god
 Tiamat (salt water)
 Apsu (fresh water)
Women
 Not equal to men, but had rights
 See shift in view of Tiamat
 Able to own property, navigate legal
issues, buy and sell goods, operate
businesses
 Upper class/religious class were
literate
 Married young
 Dowries
 Divorce
Culture
 Similar throughout Mesopotamia,
borrow heavily from one another
 Cuneiform
 One of the earliest forms of written
languages
 Clay tablets, reed styluses
 cuneus "wedge” forma "shape"
 Epic of Gilgamesh
 Gilgamesh c. 2500 BCE, written text c.
1700 BCE
Hammurabi
 Babylonian, lived c. 1750 BCE
 Expanded the empire and controlled all of
Mesopotamia
 Nicknamed “Law Giver,” creator of
Hammurabi’s code, one of the first written
law codes in history
 Written in Cuneiform on large stele
(pillars)
 Strict punishments- discourage crime!
 Different penalties depending on social
status
Ashurbanipal
 Lived 685 BCE- 627 BCE
 Assyrian (pretty much the last successful Assyrian
king)
 Patron of the arts, highly educated
 World’s first library filled with over 30,000
cuneiform tablets
 Financial records, agricultural records, Epic of Gilgamesh,
creation story