Transcript Advanced Math (don’t worry, not too complicated) for

Advanced Math (don’t worry, not
too complicated) for Library
Cooperation
By Kati Radics
Librarian for the West European
Collections, UCLA
HIGH PRICES OF ONLINE
RESOURCES
• Pressing need to find methods to evaluate value
• Pressing need to find methods to decrease price
• Value Based Pricing (University of California)
• Cooperating Consortia (UC, GNARP, etc.)
PRINT MATERIALS METRICS, CALCULATIONS
FOR COOPERATION?
• Cooperations on print often rely on vague
principles (e.g. X collects A topics, Y collects B
topics)
• Necessity to foresee the outcome of cooperation
in volume (copy) or title numbers
• Necessity to plan the financial consequences (or
prerequisites) of cooperation
TARGET OF COOPERATION
• Possibilities: topics, types of publications (serials vs monos,
microform vs. print, etc.)
• Target duplication level – which range? Dups? Triplets?
Quadruplets? Quintuplets?
• “Our collections are redundant,” “we collect the same materials, ”
“high level of duplications” – NOT ALWAYS PROBLEMATIC!!
• Research concentrates on specific areas, specific key works and
problems (See T. Kuhn: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions,
1962)
• Major standard works, authors – each library should have them
TARGET OF COOPERATION
DECREASE ONLY DUPLICATES (2 copies)
27655 TITLES (111%) ACQUIRED
2940
1294
UNIQUE
11760
5488
2 COPIES
3 COPIES
4 COPIES
5 COPIES
6173
TARGET OF COOPERATION
DECREASE ONLY TRIPLETS (3 copies)
28195 TITLES (114%) ACQUIRED
2500
1294
UNIQUE
3527
11760
2 COPIES
3 COPIES
4 COPIES
5 COPIES
9114
TARGET OF COOPERATION
DECREASE ONLY QUADRUPLETS (4 copies)
29125 TITLES (118%) ACQUIRED
14691294
UNIQUE
5488
11760
2 COPIES
3 COPIES
4 COPIES
5 COPIES
9114
TARGET OF COOPERATION
GROWTH OF NUMBER OF TITLES
if uniques acquired on the expense of dups, triplets, quadruples
29500
29125
29000
28500
28000
28195
Number of Titles
27655
27500
27000
26500
Only Dups
Only Triplets
Only Quadruplets
TARGET OF COOPERATION
• Reality will be a mixture of duplicates,
triplets, quadruplets.
• Tendency: decrease the number of copies
if expected use is low or not so high.
TARGET LOW USE MATERIALS
• Buy less copies of low use materials,
• INCREASE THE PROPORTION OF
UNIQUE MATERIALS (books of which the
cooperative partners buy only one copy
across the consortium)
• ENHANCE ILL
EARMARK PERCENTAGE OF
BUDGET FOR UNIQUE
In each institution of the Consortium:
EARMARK 20%
(OR ANY % HIGHER THAN % OF UNIQUE BEFORE COOPERATION)
OF BOOK BUDGET
FOR BUYING UNIQUE TITLES
AT EACH COOPERATING LIBRARY
20%
Overlap titles
Unique titles
80%
DECREASE THE NUMBER OF DUPS,
TRIPLETS, QUADRUPLETS…
The purple line (Decrease Mixed Dups, Triplets, Quadruples)
represents the most probable version
HOLDINGS (titles) BEFORE AND AFTER COOPERATION
20% Earmarked for Unique titles
BUDGET STAYS THE SAME
14000
12000
Before Cooperation
11760
10000
Less Dups
9114
8000
7791
6000
6173
5880
4000
Less Triplets
5488
4802
3527
2000
Less Quadr
2940
2646
1469
1294
0
UNIQUE
2 COPIES
3 COPIES
4 COPIES
5 COPIES
Decrease Mixed DupsQuadr
IMAGINARY COOPERATION
• Imaginary consortium of 5 University
Libraries
• Same Budget
• Earmarked 20% of their budgets spent for
unique materials (or any other percentage
that is bigger than existing proportion of
unique titles)
• Prerequisite: ability to see the other
institutions’ selections!!
OUTCOME OF COOPERATION
• By selecting more unique materials than
before, the summary of the titles in the 5
institutions will GROW
• BROADER COVERAGE
• FORMULA:
Pre-cooperation % of unique titles = a
Earmarked % of budget for cooperation = b
% Increase of title holdings in
cooperative group =
>(b-a) and < 2(b-a)
Average extra need of shelf space =
(Z : 100 x (2(b-a)-(b-a))) : 35
Where Z is the pre-cooperation number of books in the
collections of the consortium;
A shelf is 35”
An average book spine is 1”
HOLDINGS (copies) BEFORE AND AFTER COOPERATION
at 20% earmarked for unique
60000
50000
40000
30000
UNIVERSITY 5
UNIVERSITY 4
UNIVERSITY 3
UNIVERSITY 2
UNIVERSITY 1
20000
10000
0
OVERLAPS
BEFORE
UNIQUE
OVERLAPS
AFTER
Overlaps decrease from 52920 to 47040.
Unique increases from 5880 to 11760.
UNIQUE
BUDGET CUT VERSION
• At decreasing budget – increase
proportion of unique titles
• Keep title coverage across consortium
DECREASING BUDGET +
INCREASING PROPORTION OF UNIQUE TITLES =
SAME COVERAGE OF TITLES ACROSS CONSORTIUM
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
% of Unique
% of Non-Unique
Budget
% of Non-Unique
% of Unique
30% Earmarked for unique
at 20% Cut
25% Earmarked for unique
at 15% Cut
20% Earmarked for unique
at 10% Cut
0% Earmarked (10% unique
titles)
Budget
MAIN ADVANTAGES
• Goal of cooperation fully controllable
• Key players: librarians
• Result helps main function of libraries:
PRESERVATION OF HUMAN CULTURE
BY BROADER COLLECTIONS