Transcript Chapter 6 pp history alive 7th

» Empire- a large territory in which several groups of
people are ruled by a single leader or government
» Capital- a city that is the center of government
» Tribute- wealth sent from one country or ruler to
another as a sign that the other is superior
» Code of Laws-a collection of written rules and laws
» Economy- the way a region or country uses resources
to produce and sell or trade goods and services to
meet people’s needs and wants
» Siege-a military blockage and attack on a city to force
it to surrender
Section 2- The Akkadian Empire (page 56)
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King Sargon created the world’s first empire.
The Akkadians developed their own language.
Artists carved beautiful relief sculptures on stones.
They came from northern Mesopotamia
King Sargon was both a strong king and a skilled general. He
built his empire through effective military strategies. He
assembled a large army
• King Sargon used cleaver political strategies
PREVIEW
In ancient Mesopotamia,
rulers recorded their greatest
achievements on steles. A
stele
(STEE-lee) is a stone slab on
which
an illustration or
inscription has been carved.
Complete the two steles at
right to celebrate two of your
most
important personal
achievements.
Draw pictures or find
photographs
of images or symbols to
represent
each achievement.
Achievement drawing
goes HERE!!
» Ancient Sumer flourished in Mesopotamia between 3500 and 2300 B.C.E.
In this chapter, you will discover what happened to the Sumerians and
who ruled Mesopotamia after them.
» The city-states of ancient Sumer were like small independent countries.
They often fought over land and water rights. They united into one group.
Their lack of unity left them open to attacks by stronger groups.
» About 2300 B.C.E., the Akkadians (uh-KAY-dee-unz) conquered Sumer. This
group made the Sumerian city-states a part of an empire. An empire is a
large territory where groups of people are ruled by a single leader or
government . Groups like the Akkadians first conquer and then rule other
lands.
» In this chapter, you will learn about four empires that rose up in
Mesopotamia between 2300 and 539 B.C.E. They were the Akkadian
Empire, the Babylonian (bay-buh-LOH-nyuhn) Empire, the Babylonian
Empire, the Assyrian (uh-SIR-ee-un) Empire, and the Neo-Babylonian
Empire.
Section 3- Life Under Akkadian Rule (page 57)
• Sargon ruled his empire for 56 years
• He made the city of Agade, in the
northern part of Mesopotamia, the
empires capital
• The Akkadians farmed using the
Sumerian irrigation techniques
• The Akkadians created their own
language, religion, and arts
• Over time, the Akkadian language
replaced the Sumerian language
• In art, they were known for their skillful
three-dimensional sculptures and
carving sculptures
• Sargon had hoped that his empire would
last for a thousand years. But later kings
found it difficult to rule such a large
territory. The empire grew weak. After
about 200 years, the Akkadian Empire
fell to new invaders from the north
1. Around what year did the Akkadians
conquer the Sumerian city-states? Who was
their first leader?
Sargon led the Akkadians to conquer the
Sumerian city-states around 2300 B.C.E.
2. In the stele to the right, draw and label
pictures to illustrate the military achievements
of the Akkadian Empire.
Tell me what you drew.
Then complete these sentences:
 This stele represents the Akkadian military
achievement of . . . Creating an empire
through military strategies and smart political
strategies.
 This achievement was important because . .
It ended the fighting between small citystates, and it helped create the world’s first
empire.
• One of their
greatest
achievements was
being the first
empire
1. In the stele to the right, draw and label
pictures to illustrate the cultural achievements
of the Akkadian Empire. Then complete these
sentences: Tell me what you drew.
This stele represents the Akkadian cultural
achievement of . . . Sculpting steles
This achievement was important because . . .
It has given us some glimpses of the history of
the Akkadian Empire.
2.How long did the Akkadian Empire last?
Why did it fall? The Akkadian empire lasted for
about 200 years and fell because its king could
not rule such a large empire.
• One of their
achievements were
their own culture
Section 4- Hammurabi and the Babylonian Empire (page 58)
• The next ruler to unite all of Mesopotamia was a king
name Hammurabi
• Hammurabi was the king of Babylon
• After conquering all of Mesopotamia, Hammurabi made
Babylon the capital of his empire
• Hammurabi is best known for his code of laws, which he
wrote from 1792 to 1750 B.C.E.
• Hammurabi used the code of laws to unify his empire
and to preserve order
• Hammurabi’s code was detailed. It covered many
situations, such as trade, payment for work, marriage,
and divorce.
• The code spelled out punishments for crimes, such as
stealing or causing injury
1. Who was the next king to unite
Mesopotamia after the fall of the Akkadian
Empire, and where was his capital city?
After the Akkadian empire fell, Hammurabi
was the next king to unite Mesopotamia. His
capital city was Babylon.
2. In the stele to the right, draw and label
pictures to illustrate the political achievements
of the Babylonian Empire. Tell me what you
drew.
Then complete these sentences:
This stele represents the Babylonian political
achievement of . . . Developing a code of laws.
This achievement was important because . . .
It was the first code of laws to apply to
everyone.
• One of their
achievements was a
code of laws
Section 5- Life in the Babylonian Empire (page 59)
• Agriculture and trade flourished
• Hammurabi was careful maintaining
irrigation systems properly so that land
remained fertile and provide plenty of
food
• The city of Babylon was on the banks
of the Euphrates River
• Babylonians traded with people all
along the Persian Gulf
• They traded grain and woven cloth for
wood, gold, sliver, precious gems and
livestock (animals)
• Trade helped the empire’s economy.
• Many types of artisans used materials
brought back from distant land
1. In the stele to the right, draw and label
pictures to illustrate the economic
achievements of the Babylonian Empire.
Tell me what you drew
Then complete these sentences:
This stele represents the Babylonian economic
achievement of . . . Developing Babylon as a
trading center.
This achievement was important because . . .
It enriched people’s lives and brought new
ideas to Babylon.
2. What rights did slaves and women have
under Babylonian law? Slaves and women
could own property and keep money their
own.
• One of their
achievements were
trading
Section 6- The Assyrian Empire (page 60)
• The Assyrians honored their powerful
kings with beautiful palaces and huge
sculptures
• They built some of the earliest
aqueducts
• Assyria lies north of Babylon
• Assyria had began preparing for war
after conquered the Babylonian empire
• Their greatest achievement were their
new weapons and war strategies
• They perfected the use of horse and iron
weapons in battle
• They developed new ways of attacking
cities
1. Where was Assyria located? Using the map
in your book, describe the areas the
Assyrian Empire conquered.
Assyria was located north of Babylon. The
Assyrians conquered the land around the Tigris
and Euphrates rivers as well as Syria,
Phoenicia and Egypt.
2. In the stele to the right, draw and label
pictures to illustrate the military achievements
of the Assyrian Empire. Tell me what you drew
Then complete these sentences:
This stele represents the Assyrian military
achievement of . . . New weapons and war
strategies especially siege warfare
This achievement was important because . . . It
allowed the Assyrians to create and expand a
great empire.
• One of their greatest
achievements were
their new weapons and
war strategies
Section 7- Life Under Assyrian Rule (page 61)
• The Assyrian empire was ruled by
powerful kings
• The Assyrians believed that their kings
were special so they built beautiful
palaces
• The Assyrians also dug a irrigation system
• They also built aqueducts, pipes or
channels used to carry water
• Artisans were known for their 2dimensional sculptures called bas-reliefs
• Empire lasted 300 years
1. In the stele to the right, draw and label
pictures to illustrate the cultural
achievements of the Assyrian Empire. Tell
me what you drew.
Then complete these sentences:
This stele represents the Assyrian cultural
achievement of . . . Bas-reliefs.
This achievement was important because . . .
Realism was introduced into sculpture.
2. How long did the Assyrian Empire last? Why
did it fall? The Assyrian Empire lasted for about
300 years and fell because the territory was
too large to control.
• One of their
achievements
were the arts
Section 8- The Neo-Babylonian Empire (page 62)
• King Nebuchadnezzar restored the splendor
of King Hammurabi’s time.
• His hangings Gardens of Babylon became
famous
• Neo means new
• They built walls capable of holding water
• Many structures had arches
• During peace time, bridges were used to
cross the moat and enter the city
• In time of war the bridges were dismantled
1. Which group of people regained control of
the lands of Mesopotamia after the
Assyrians? Who was their most famous
king?
After the Assyrians, the Babylonians regained
control of Mesopotamia. Their most famous
king was Nebuchadrezzar II
2.In the stele to the right, draw and label
pictures to illustrate the military achievements
of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
Tell me what you drew.
Then complete these sentences:
This stele represents the Neo-Babylonian
military achievement of . . . Building protective
walls and a moat around Babylon.
This achievement was important because . . . It
kept Babylonians safe.
1. Tell me what you drew.
This stele represents the Neo-Babylonian
cultural achievement of . . . Building the
Hanging Garden of Babylon.
This achievement was important because. . .
The gardens were an engineering masterpiece.
2. The Neo-Babylonian Empire lasted only 75
years before it fell to the Persian Empire led by
Cyrus.
• One of their achievements
was the hanging gardens.
Section 9- Life in the Neo-Babylonian Empire (page 63)
• Nebuchadrezzar worked hard to restore the empire
• Hanging gardens became famous
• They built a ziggurat and they called it “House of the
Platform of Heaven and Earth”.
• The hanging gardens were planted on rooftops and tall
terraces
• A watering system watered the plants
• They were also skilled in mathematics and astronomy
• They created the first sundial, a device that uses the sun
to tell time. Their discoveries lead to the 60 minute hour
and 7 day week system
• “ The Neo-Babylonian Empire lasted only 75 years . Then,
in 539 B.C.E., a new conqueror named Cyrus swept into
Babylon from the east. He was a leader of the Persian
Empire. The Persians came from the land we now call
Iran. For about 200 years, they ruled the most powerful
empire in the world. Then the Persians were conquered
by a man named Alexander the Great”.
Complete this report card to evaluate the
achievements of the Mesopotamian
empires you studied. Follow these steps:
• Evaluate each empire’s achievements by
giving it a letter grade—A, B, C, D, or
F—for each category.
• In the comments section, give evidence to
support each letter grade you
assigned.
Report Card for the Mesopotamian Empires
Akkadian
Empire
Babylonian
Empire
Assyrian
Empire
NeoBabylonian
Empire
Military and
Grade:
Political
Achievements
Comments:
Grade:
Grade:
Grade:
Comments:
Comments:
Comments:
Economic and Grade:
Cultural
Achievements
Comments:
Grade:
Grade:
Grade:
Comments:
Comments:
Comments:
This is YOUR opinion!!
Chapter Summary
• The Akkadian Empire- King Sargon created the worlds first
empire. The Akkadians developed their own language. Artists
carved beautiful relief sculptures on stone
• The Babylonian Empire- King Hammurabi created a code of
laws that applied to everyone in the empire. Babylonian
agriculture and trade thrived under his rule
• The Assyrian Empire- The Assyrians honored their powerful
king with beautiful palaces and huge sculptures. They built
some of the earliest aqueducts.
• The Neo-Babylonian Empire- King Nebuchadrezzar restored
the splendor of king Hammurabi’s time. His Hanging Gardens of
Babylon became famous.