Transcript Paris Peace Treaty

Paris Peace Treaty:
Sèvres/Lausanne 1923
Dahee Lim
20th Century History
Great Britain Asserts control of
Mosul Province, Northern Iraq
•During WWI, Russia was
supportive of the creation of
an Assyrian homeland in
Northern Mesopotamia.
-Bolsheviks repudiated
Tsarist Secret treaties to gain
favor with belligerent
countries.
-Negotiations regarding the
Near East titled towards
Great Britain.
Great Britain Asserts control of
Mosul Province, Northern Iraq
•British occupation of
Mesopotamia began in 1914.
-Occupied Mosul on
November, 1914
-Occupation of Mosul was
disputed by Turkey.
•British lacked the minimum
requirement for a modern
civil society.
- Arnold T. Wilson
understood the problem of
multi-ethnic divisions, which
British failed to take this
issue seriously.
Great Britain Asserts control of
Mosul Province, Northern Iraq
•After WWI, preparations
began by Great Britain,
France and the other Allies
to dictate terms of Peace to
the defeated countries at
the Paris Peace Conference.
(1919-1920)
Assyrian hopes from Peace
Process
•President Woodrow Wilson
laid a set of principles for
world peace called, The
Fourteen Points.
-With these principles,
Assyrian leaders prepared
to argue for an independent
Assyrian State.
Assyrian hopes from Peace
Process
•The three main Assyrian groups participated in the Paris
Conference.
- U.S., Mesopotamia and Iran.
•British forces Iran to
leave Paris.
•The USA represented
Diaspora Community.
•Mesopotamia were
allowed to address
Assyrian demands.
Assyrian Demands
•The Assyrian Delegates
brought 2 sets of demands.
-Establishment of an
Assyrian independent
territory to include
Northern Mesopotamia
and extending the
American mountains with
access to the
Mediterranean Sea.
Post Paris Peace Conference
Events
•The League of Nations was
conceived in 1919 to maintain
the peace and security thought
achieved in WWI and to
promote international
cooperation.
•In 1921, Great Britain bought
to Bagdad Faysal, who lost his
throne in Syria and proclaimed
him to the kingdom of Iraq.
San Remo & The Treaty of
Sèvres
•The secret treaties
of the Bolsheviks
and Wilson forced
Allies to leave Paris.
- Interested parties
gathered in April
1920 in San Remo
for conference.
•Turks gave up its rights including
Mesopotamia.
- Bishop Aphrem Barsoum
protested against the return of
Turkish rule.
San Remo & The Treaty of
Sèvres
•In August 1920, Treaty
of Sevres was signed.
-The Crescents came
under British and French
mandate.
-Treaty accepted by
governor of Sultan,
Mehmed Vahdettin VI in
Istabul but reject by
governor, Kemal Ataturk
in Ankara.
•However, after nationalist
victory over Greeks and over
threw of Sultan, Ataturk
requested for a new peace
treaty.
Treaty of Lausanne
•Treaty of Sevres had
virtually destroyed Turkey
as a national state.
-When Ataturk’s
government requested a
new peace treaty, signatores
of the Treaty of Sevres and
delegates of the USSAR met
at Lausanne and signed in
1923.
Treaty of Lausanne
•Turkey recovered Eastern
Thrace, several islands and
internationalized zone of the
Straits.
-Recovered full sovereign
rights over all its territory.
-Foreign zones of influence
and capitulations were
abolished.
Treaty of Lausanne
•In return, Turkey
renounced all claims on
Former Turkish territories
outside its new boundaries
and undertook guarantee
the rights of the minorities.
•A separate agreement
between Greece and Turkey
provided for the compulsory
exchange minorities.
Bibliography
• Aprim, Fred. Christians of Iraq. June 2006.--.03042012.
• Sansa, Burak. Treaties of Sevres and
Lausanne. 1996-2011.All About
Turkey.03042012.