Transcript eyh 2016 dragonfly manual

WITH...
2
LEDs
2
Transistors
1
Resistor
1
Capacitor
1
9V Battery
1
Battery Clip
9
Electric Wire Connectors Pairs
8
Electrical Wires
3
Jumper Wires
4
Zip-ties
LET’S START WITH THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF
CIRCUITS
•
Voltage (V)
• Is the difference in charge between two points
• This comes from the 9V battery supply we are using today
•
Current (I)
• Is the rate of which charge is flowing through a circuit
•
Resistance (R)
• Is a material’s (or multiple materials’) ability to resist the flow of charge
Electrical and Electronics Engineers use this formula to create balanced and stable
circuits.
Voltage (V) = Current (I) x Resistance (R)
NOW LET’S MOVE INTO THE
COMPONENTS….
LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (LEDs)
• LEDs are two-lead components that work in one direction.
• This means that one lead is positive (called an anode)
while the other is negative (called the cathode).
• The negative side is the flat side of the brim.
•
LEDs emit light, when an appropriate voltage (called a turn
on voltage) is applied.
• The 2 LEDs will be used as your dragonfly’s eyes!
TRANSISTORS
•
Transistors have three leads and are used to amplify or switch (to turn on and off)
electronic signals and electrical power.
• The 2 transistors amplify the voltage in your circuit!
RESISTORS
•
Resistors are two-lead components,
that reduce current flow
• Direction is not a concern
• The resistor in your circuit keeps
your LEDs from burning up!
LAST BUT NOT LEAST, CAPACITORS
•
Capacitors are two-lead components, that
store charge (like a tiny battery)
• Direction does matter!
• In your circuit the capacitor will allow
the LEDs to dim off instead of
immediately turning off.
• A bigger capacitor (than what we
are using today) would let the LEDs
stay on longer before dimming out
NOW LET’S BUILD YOUR DRAGONFLY!!!
•
Use your connectors to construct your
• Dragonfly's right wing
• Fix pieces of wire in stubs 4, 6 and 7. (Start counting from where the eyes will be
mounted)
• Dragonfly's left wing
• Fix pieces of wire in stubs 4, 5 and 6
BUILDING YOUR DRAGONFLY
•
•
Fix the (2) 3 single connector stubs on the tips of the wires
Bind the loose connectors together with Zip-ties.
• Pull the Zip-ties as tightly as possible.
BUILDING YOUR DRAGONFLY
• The Left Eye
• Fix the LED’s negative-lead into the left side of connector number two.
• Let the positive-lead run along the front side of the connectors.
BUILDING YOUR DRAGONFLY
• The Right Eye
• Fix the other LED’s positive-lead into the right side of the first connector.
• Let the negative-lead run along the front side of the connectors.
•
Connect both eyes across the front side of the Dragonfly's body.
•
Twist them together carefully with small pliers.
BUILDING YOUR DRAGONFLY
•
Mount a battery to the lower part of the dragonfly's back end. Use two Zip-ties to
fix the battery.
• Our body has 1 terminal pair shorter, but no worries the dragonflies will still
look cute!
BUILDING YOUR DRAGONFLY
•
To get the power from the battery to the dragonfly, you need to use a battery clip.
• Fix the battery clips red lead into the eighth connector stub, on the right side of
the body.
• Fix the black lead in the seventh connector stub, on the left side of the body.
•
Don't connect the battery to the clip yet!
*** You will end up frying your parts ***
•
Connect stubs 2 and 4 on the right side with a piece of jumper wire.
BUILDING YOUR DRAGONFLY
•
Twist together one lead of a 10k Ohm resistor with a longish piece of jumper wire
(with your fingers)!
BUILDING YOUR DRAGONFLY
•
Fix the wire with the resistor into the first connector-stub, on the left side.
•
Fix the jumper wires' free end into stub number 8, also on the left side.
•
The resistor is now fixed with one tip. The other tip sticks out, like a dragonfly's
antenna.
BUILDING YOUR DRAGONFLY
•
Fix the other ending of the wire into connector stub number 5, on the right side of
the body.
•
This is the second antenna. Bend it forward, across the Dragonfly's head.
BUILDING YOUR DRAGONFLY
•
On the tip of each wing, a transistor is needed. But... be careful! The transistors
must be mounted in the right way or your dragonfly won't turn on properly
• The left and right wing transistors point the same way!
• Let your instructor tell you which way the flat side points.
• (one room points up the other points down)
• Then connect the three leads into the three connector stubs for both sides.
FINALLY THE LEGS
•
Find 2 free connector stubs connect the electrical wire at the 9 th position on the
body and attach 2 small connectors (as the feet)
NOW ITS TIME TO TEST YOUR DRAGONFLY
(WITHOUT THE CAPACITOR)
•
When you connect the battery to the battery clip and touch both antennas
together, the LEDs should light up! Just like when turning on a light switch.
•
If not, don't panic! Just unplug the battery and raise your hand so we can
troubleshoot it!
• First, check the transistors!
• Check the LEDs! Did you connect them in the right way to each other and into
the connectors?
• Check all the wires. Are they fixed into the right connectors?
• Check the connections, esp. with the transistors. Sometimes the small leads
escape from the screw's pressure.
NOW LET’S ADD THE CAPACITOR….
•
But first do you see how the LEDs immediately turned off.
•
Now let’s unplug the battery and add the capacitor!
•
The positive side goes on the 5th spot (side with the longer lead)
•
The negative side goes on the 6 th spot (has the grey strip)
NOW LET’S TURN IT BACK ON
•
Connect the battery clip to the battery and touch the two antennas together
•
The LEDs will light up and when you break the antennas connection by opening
the circuit you will see that the LEDs will dim off.
CONGRATULATIONS YOU COMPLETED THIS
CIRCUIT!!!