Transcript 4 Mesopotamia - Galena Park ISD Moodle

1. What is the reason that populations grew as a result of
the Neolithic Revolution?
2. How did changes in labor that took place as a result of
the Neolithic Revolution affect gender roles?
GPISD WH SCC #4 SE 2A, 17A, 24A,
29F
EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS
The first civilizations were developed in four river valleys around 3500 BC. Each
river valley had a mild climate and a water highway to other places. Water from the
rivers could be used for drinking and cooking food. Each of the valleys had a flood
plain where the overflowing river would deposit fertile soil. The rich soil led to
abundant harvests and food surpluses.
HEBREWS
Mesopotamia
3500 BC – 1700BC
Mesopotamia
In Greek, Mesopotamia
means “land between
two rivers”
Mesopotamia is located
between the Tigris River
and the Euphrates River
Mesopotamia was
located in what became
present day Iraq
Agriculture
-although hot & dry,
the rivers were used
to irrigate the farms
-fewer people could
produce more food
-other people began
to specialize and
become potters,
weavers, or metal
workers
-others became
warriors or priests
Government
-several cities were built
-city-states such as Uruk,
Ur, & Bablyon had their
own ruler and local gods
-later, several city-states
combined under a single
ruler
Religion
-polytheistic believing in
as many as 2,000
different gods
-rulers were often priests
which is a government
known as a theocracy
Building
-the world’s first city
builders
-they used mud
bricks and crushed
reeds
-they built walled
cities, temples with
arches, and
ziggurats (steppedpyramids)
Cultural and Scientific Contributions
-some of the most important inventions in history happened
-the wheel and the sailboat
-they figured out how to irrigate far away fields
-used copper and bronze to make tools
-12 month calendar
-number system based on 60 (seconds and minutes today)
-cuneiform—the world’s first known writing system
Women
-most girls stayed home to learn cooking & housekeeping
-main job=raise kids and crush grain
-women’s role in society was determined by social class
-wealthy women could go to the marketplace, own
property, & obtain divorces
Legal System
-the Babylonians developed the
earlist written law code
-the Code of Hammurabi
-it covered most daily
occurrences
-ensure justice and protect the
weak
The Code of
Hammurabi
“An eye for an eye, a tooth
for a tooth”
195. If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn
off.
196. If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye
shall be put out.
197. If he break another man's bone, his bone shall be
broken.
199. If he put out the eye of a man's slave, he shall pay
1/2 of its value.
200. If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth
shall be knocked out.
202. If any one strike the body of a man higher in rank
than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an oxwhip in public.
206. If during a quarrel one man strike another and
wound him, then he shall swear, "I did not injure
him wittingly," and pay the physicians.
209. If a man strike a free-born woman so that she lose
her unborn child, he shall pay 10 shekels for her
loss.
210. If the woman die, his daughter shall be put to
death.
Notes
Mesopotamia
-river valley civilization
-the region between the Tigris & Euphrates rivers (Iraq)
-polytheistic (belief in many gods)
-cuneiform—1st known writing system
-invented the sailboat, irrigation, the wheel, calendar, and bronze
-Code of Hammurabi (1st written code of law)
Vocabulary
polytheistic—belief in many gods
theocracy—society governed by religious leaders
ziggurats—stepped pyramids (Mesopotamia)
cuneiform—1st known writing system
Mesopotamian Flaps Assignment
-You will pick 4 items (out of six) listed in your
notes and pick 2 vocabulary words and draw
a picture that represents those items.
-fold your paper in a modified “hot dog” style,
with ¾” sticking out on the left side
-put “Mesopotamia” down the left side (title)
-create six flaps by cutting your paper
-label each flap and then draw a picture that
corresponds to that label under each flap
-first name, last name, and period # on upper right hand corner of the back