Transcript Text Color - Hi

Hi-Landers Ham Class
Instructed by Rich Bugarin W6EC
Module 5 of 10
Ham Radio Technician Class
Exam preparation Power Point
created by Rich Bugarin W6EC.
Effective July 1, 2014 and is valid
until June 30, 2018.
Please send suggested changes
to this presentation to:
[email protected]
Study Hints
• I suggest you read each question and only the
correct answer. Read through the complete
question pool at least three times before you
attempt taking a practice exams. For higher
impact and better results read the correct
answer first then the question and again the
correct answer.
• The key to passing the exam is to get the most
questions correct using the above method the
correct response will often jump out at you on
test day even if you don’t remember the
question.
More Study Hints
• If you don’t answer a question on the
Exam it will be graded as a wrong
response, so it is better to guess at a
answer than leaving it blank. You have a
25% chance at guessing a correct answer.
Eliminate one wrong response and now
your guess has a 33% chance. Eliminate
two wrong response and your guess is a
50% chance at being correct.
More Guessing Hints
• The author of a question pays more
attention on writing the correct response
then they do to the wrong ones therefore
the correct response is often a longer
answer.
• So when guessing consider the longest
answer for it is “to long to be wrong”.
Things I have noticed
The response/answer
“All of these Answer (choices) are correct”
shows up 40 times in the element Two
question pool and is a correct response 13
times.
So when guessing don’t choose “all of these”
for it will be correct response only 33% of
the time.
Text Color
• Black: Original/Official questions and
information in original format (unaltered).
• Red: Original information text color simply
changed to highlight subject.
• Blue: Notes and information added by
Rich (W6EC).
2014 Technician Class
(Element 2)
35 Exam questions
2014 Technician Class
(Element 2)
• There are about 430 questions in this
pool out of which you will have 35 on
your Exam. The question pool is
broken into subelements.
Subelements are also subdivided into
topic sections. Typically you will have
one question from each section on
your official Exam.
• SUBELEMENT T5 – Electrical
principles, math for electronics,
electronic principles, Ohm’s Law
• [4 Exam Questions - 4 Groups]
Basic Electronics Info
• E = Electro Motive Force
Measured in Volts = V
• I = Intensity of Current Flow
Measured Amperes (Amps) = A
• R = Resistance
Measured in Ohms = 
• P = Power
Measured in Watts = W
Ohms Law
• To calculate Volts when you
know the Amp and Ohm value.
• E= I x R
Ohms Law
• To calculate Amps when you
know the Volt and Ohm value.
•I = E ÷ R
• I = E/R
E
•I=
R
Three ways of
writing the same
formula.
Ohms Law
• To calculate Ohms when you
know the Volt and Amp value.
•R = E ÷ I
Ohms Law
• Therefore the three ohms law formulas are:
• E= I x R
•I=E/R
•R=E/I
• The three formulas can easily be
remembered by placing them in a circular
form shown on the next slide.
Ohms Law
E
I
R
Ohms Law
E
I
R
To find the Voltage formula cover the “E” leaving IxR
Ohms Law
E
I
R
To find the Amp formula cover the “I” leaving E/R
Ohms Law
E
I
R
To find the Ohm formula cover the “R” leaving E/I
Calculating Voltage
I=2A
R=12
E=?
E=IxR
2x12 = 24
Answer:
E = 24V
Calculating Amps
I=?
R=12
E=24V
I=E/R
24/12 = 2
Answer:
I = 2A
Calculating Ohms
I=2A
R=?
E=24V
R=E/I
24/2 = 12
Answer:
R = 12 
• T5A - Electrical principles; current and
voltage, conductors and insulators,
alternating and direct current
T5A01
Electrical current is measured in which of
the following units?
A. Volts
B. Watts
Current = Amps
C. Ohms
(flow of Electrons)
D. Amperes
T5A02
Electrical power is measured in which of the
following units?
A. Volts
B. Watts
Power = Watts
C. Ohms
A unit of total work
D. Amperes
T5A03
What is the name for the flow of electrons in
an electric circuit?
A. Voltage
B. Resistance
Current = Amps
C. Capacitance
(I= Intensity of Electron Flow)
D. Current
T5A04
What is the name for a current that flows
only in one direction?
A. Alternating current
B. Direct current
C. Normal current
D. Smooth current
T5A05
What is the electrical term for the
electromotive force (EMF) that causes
electron flow?
Electromotive Force (EMF) = Volts
A. Voltage
(Push or pressure, similar to PSI)
B. Ampere-hours
C. Capacitance
D. Inductance
T5A06
How much voltage does a mobile
transceiver usually require?
A. About 12 volts
B. About 30 volts
C. About 120 volts
D. About 240 volts
T5A07
Which of the following is a good electrical
conductor?
A. Glass
B. Wood
C. Copper
D. Rubber
T5A08
Which of the following is a good electrical
insulator?
A. Copper
B. Glass
C. Aluminum
D. Mercury
T5A09
What is the name for a current that reverses
direction on a regular basis?
A. Alternating current
B. Direct current
C. Circular current
D. Vertical current
T5A10
Which term describes the rate at which
electrical energy is used?
A. Resistance
B. Current
Power = Watts
C. Power
A unit of total work or use of energy
D. Voltage
T5A11
What is the basic unit of electromotive
force?
A. The volt
Electromotive Force (EMF) = Volts
B. The watt
(Push or pressure, similar to PSI)
C. The ampere
D. The ohm
T5A12
What term describes the number of times
per second that an alternating current
reverses direction?
A. Pulse rate
B. Speed
C. Wavelength
D. Frequency
Frequency is measured in Hertz = Hz,
it is a measure of how many cycles
occur in one second
• T5B - Math for electronics: conversion
of electrical units; decibels; the metric
system
METRIC PREFIX
• Metric prefixes are used to shorten a number to
allow easer handling and communications of the
value.
• Metric prefixes were originally used in the
scientific and electronics sectors, but with high
tech equipment all around us it has found its way
into every day life.
• An example is a computer has 512,000,000
bytes of memory, it is easer to say 512 Mega
Bytes and very easy to write it as 512Mb.
• Following is the most common metric prefixes
used in electronics and a convenient chart to
organize them.
Metric Prefix
(None) Units
000.
Units = Basic unit of measurement with no prefix.
Example: 5 volts = 5V
Metric Prefix
Kilo
(None) Units
K
000, 000.
Kilo = Thousand = 1,000.
Example: 5,000 Volts = 5KV
Metric Prefix
K
Mega
Kilo
(None) Units
M
000, 000, 000.
Mega = Million = 1,000,000.
Example: 64,000,000 Bytes = 64Mb
Metric Prefix
M
K
Giga
Mega
Kilo
(None) Units
G
000, 000, 000, 000.
Giga = Billion = 1,000,000,000.
Example: 80,000,000,000 Bytes = 80Gb
Metric Prefix
G
M
K
Tera
Giga
Mega
Kilo
(None) Units
T
000, 000, 000, 000, 000.
Tera = Trillion = 1,000,000,000,000.
Example: 8,000,000,000,000 Bytes = 8Tb
• Kilo, Mega Giga and Tera are
conveniently spaced 1000 apart from
each other.
• Mega is a thousand times larger than
Kilo.
• Mega is a thousand times smaller
than Giga.
• Kilo, Mega Giga and Tera are all used
to represent numbers that are larger
than the number 1.
• Some times we will be dealing with
numbers that are smaller than the
number 1.
• Lets say we have a meter stick and
we brake it into a thousand pieces,
we then keep 5 of the thousand
pieces we can express that as 5/1000
or 0.005 meters.
• Using metric prefixes it is known as 5
milli meters and written as 5mm.
Metric Prefix
M
K
Tera
Giga
Mega
Kilo
m
Milli
G
(None) Units
T
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000,
Milli = Thousandth = 0.001 or 1/1,000.
Example: 0.008 Amps = 8mA
Metric Prefix
G
M
K
m
Or
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000,
Micro = Millionth = 0.000,001 or 1/1,000,000.
Micro is represented by the Greek Letter µ
Example: 0.000,009 meters = 9µm
Metric Prefix
G
M
K
m
Or
n
u
Nano
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000,
Nano = Billionth = 0.000,000,001
Example: 0.000,000,025 seconds = 25ns
Metric Prefix
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
Pico = Trillionth = 0.000,000,000,001
Example: 0.000,000,000,750 Farads = 750pF
• Milli, Micro, Nano and Pico are also
conveniently spaced 1000 apart from
each other.
• Micro is a thousand times smaller
than Milli.
• Micro is a thousand times larger than
Nano.
• Milli, Micro, Nano and Pico are all
used to represent numbers that are
smaller than the number 1.
Prefix Conversion
• The Prefix chart we have been
using can also be used as a
visual aid in converting a number
from one metric prefix to another
such as from Kilo to Mega.
• The following pages show
examples of how to convert the
number.
Prefix Conversion
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
45,000.
Convert 45,000 V to KV
45.000KV = 45.KV
Prefix Conversion
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
5,000.
Convert 5,000.mA to A
5,000.mA = 5.000A = 5.A
Prefix Conversion
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
0.400
Convert 0.4A to mA
0.4A = 0.400A = 400mA
Prefix Conversion
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
000,900.
Convert 900pF to µF
900pF = 000,900.pF = 0.0009µF
Prefix Conversion
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
27.000
Convert 27MHz to KHz
27MHz = 27.000MHz = 27,000.KHz
T5B01
How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes?
A. 15 milliamperes
B. 150 milliamperes
C. 1,500 milliamperes
D. 15,000 milliamperes
(See Next Slide)
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
1.500
Convert 1.5A to mA
1.5A = 1.500A = 1,500mA
T5B02
What is another way to specify a radio signal
frequency of 1,500,000 hertz?
A. 1500 kHz
B. 1500 MHz
C. 15 GHz
D. 150 kHz
(See Next Slide)
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
1,500,000.
Convert 1,500,000 Hz to KHz
1,500.000KHz = 1,500.KHz
T5B03
How many volts are equal to one kilovolt?
A. One one-thousandth of a volt
B. One hundred volts
C. One thousand volts
D. One million volts
Kilo = Thousand = 1,000.
T5B04
How many volts are equal to one microvolt?
A. One one-millionth of a volt
B. One million volts
C. One thousand kilovolts
D. One one-thousandth of a volt
Micro = Millionth = 0.000,001 or 1/1,000,000.
T5B05
Which of the following is equivalent to 500
milliwatts?
A. 0.02 watts
B. 0.5 watts
C. 5 watts
D. 50 watts
(See Next Slide)
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
500.
Convert 500.mW to W
500.mW = .5W = 0.5W
T5B06
If an ammeter calibrated in amperes is used
to measure a 3000-milliampere current,
what reading would it show?
A. 0.003 amperes
B. 0.3 amperes
C. 3 amperes
D. 3,000,000 amperes
(See Next Slide)
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
3,000.
Convert 3,000.mA to A
3,000.mA = 3.000A = 3.A
T5B07
If a frequency readout calibrated in
megahertz shows a reading of 3.525 MHz,
what would it show if it were calibrated in
kilohertz?
A. 0.003525 kHz
B. 35.25 kHz
C. 3525 kHz
D. 3,525,000 kHz
(See Next Slide)
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
3.525
Convert 3.525MHz to KHz
3.525MHz =3,525.KHz
T5B08
How many microfarads are 1,000,000
picofarads?
A. 0.001 microfarads
B. 1 microfarad
C. 1000 microfarads
D. 1,000,000,000 microfarads
(See Next Slide)
K
m
Or
p
u
Micro
Milli
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
n
Pico
M
Nano
G
(None) Units
T
µ
000, 000, 000, 000, 000. 000, 000, 000, 000,
1,000,000.
Convert 1,000,000pF to µF
1,000,000pF = 1.000,000µF = 1µF
T5B09
What is the approximate amount of change,
measured in decibels (dB), of a power
increase from 5 watts to 10 watts?
A. 2 dB
B. 3 dB
When the power doubles this
C. 5 dB
is known as a 3dB change
5W doubled is 10W
D. 10 dB
T5B10
What is the approximate amount of change,
measured in decibels (dB), of a power
decrease from 12 watts to 3 watts?
A. -1 dB
B. -3 dB
3W doubled is 6W, 6W doubled is 12W
3 Watts is doubled twice to get to 12W.
C. -6 dB
Each time power is doubled = 3dB
D. -9 dB
Doubled twice is 3dB X 2 = 6dB
T5B11
What is the approximate amount of change,
measured in decibels (dB), of a power
increase from 20 watts to 200 watts?
A. 10 dB
B. 12 dB
20 goes into 200 10 times.
(200/20=10)
C. 18 dB
A 10X increase of power is 10dB.
D. 28 dB
(dB is a 10log system of power levels)
T5B12
Which of the following frequencies is equal
to 28,400 kHz?
A. 28.400 MHz Kilo is a Thousand the number is
28,4000 Thousand is also known as
B. 2.800 MHz 28.400 Million, Mega is a Million.
C. 284.00 MHz
D. 28.400 kHz
T5B13
If a frequency readout shows a reading of
2425 MHz, what frequency is that in GHz?
A. 0.002425 GHZ
B. 24.25 GHz
Move the decimal point three places to
C. 2.425 GHz the left to convert Mega to Giga
D. 2425 GHz
• T5C - Electronic principles:
capacitance; inductance; current flow
in circuits; alternating current;
definition of RF; DC power
calculations; impedance
T5C01
What is the ability to store energy in an
electric field called?
A. Inductance
B. Resistance
C. Tolerance
D. Capacitance
T5C02
What is the basic unit of capacitance?
A. The farad
B. The ohm
C. The volt
D. The henry
T5C03
What is the ability to store energy in a
magnetic field called?
A. Admittance
B. Capacitance
C. Resistance
D. Inductance
T5C04
What is the basic unit of inductance?
A. The coulomb
B. The farad
C. The henry
D. The ohm
T5C05
What is the unit of frequency?
A. Hertz
B. Henry
C. Farad
D. Tesla
T5C06
What does the abbreviation “RF” refer to?
A. Radio frequency signals of all types
B. The resonant frequency of a tuned circuit
C. The real frequency transmitted as
opposed to the apparent frequency
D. Reflective force in antenna transmission
lines
T5C07
What is a usual name for electromagnetic
waves that travel through space?
A. Gravity waves
B. Sound waves
C. Radio waves
D. Pressure waves
Watts Law
•To calculate Watts
when you know the
Amp and Volt value.
•P= I x E
Watts Law
•To calculate Volts
when you know the
Watt and Amp value.
•E = P ÷ I
Watts Law
•To calculate Amps
when you know the
Watt and Volt value.
•I = P ÷ E
Watts Law
• Therefore the three watts law formulas are:
• P= I x E
• E = P/I
• I = P/E
• The three formulas can easily be
remembered by placing them in a circular
form shown on the next page.
Watts Law
P
I
E
Watts Law
P
I
E
To find the Wattage formula cover the “P” leaving IxE
Watts Law
P
I
E
To find the Current formula cover the “I” leaving P/E
Watts Law
P
I
E
To find the Voltage formula cover the “E” leaving P/I
Calculating Wattage
I=2A
E=24V
P=?
P=IxE
2x24 = 48
Answer:
P = 48W
Calculating Amperage
I=?
E=24V
P=48W
I=P/E
48/24 = 2
Answer:
I = 2A
Calculating Voltage
I=2A
E=?
P=48W
E=P/I
48/2 = 24
Answer:
E = 24V
T5C08
What is the formula used to calculate electrical power
in a DC circuit?
A. Power (P) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I)
B. Power (P) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I)
C. Power (P) equals voltage (E) minus current (I)
D. Power (P) equals voltage (E) plus current (I)
P
P=IxE
I
E
T5C09
How much power is being used in a circuit
when the applied voltage is 13.8 volts DC
and the current is 10 amperes?
A. 138 watts
P=IxE
B. 0.7 watts
10 x 13.8 = 138
C. 23.8 watts
D. 3.8 watts
P
I
E
T5C10
How much power is being used in a circuit
when the applied voltage is 12 volts DC
and the current is 2.5 amperes?
A. 4.8 watts
P=IxE
B. 30 watts
2.5 x 12 = 30
C. 14.5 watts
D. 0.208 watts
P
I
E
T5C11
How many amperes are flowing in a circuit
when the applied voltage is 12 volts DC
and the load is 120 watts?
A. 0.1 amperes
I=P/E
B. 10 amperes
120 / 12 = 10
C. 12 amperes
D. 132 amperes
P
I
E
T5C12
What is meant by the term impedance?
A. It is a measure of the opposition to AC
current flow in a circuit
B. It is the inverse of resistance
C. It is a measure of the Q or Quality Factor
of a component
D. It is a measure of the power handling
capability of a component
T5C13
What are the units of impedance?
A. Volts
B. Amperes
C. Coulombs
D. Ohms
• T5D – Ohm’s Law
T5D01
Current = Amps
(I = intensity of
Electrons flow)
What formula is used to calculate current in a
circuit?
A. Current (I) equals voltage (E) multiplied by
resistance (R)
B. Current (I) equals voltage (E) divided by
resistance (R)
C. Current (I) equals voltage (E) added to
resistance (R)
D. Current (I) equals voltage (E) minus
resistance (R)
E
I
R
T5D02
E = Electro Motive
Force Measured in
Volts = V
What formula is used to calculate voltage in a
circuit?
A. Voltage (E) equals current (I) multiplied by
resistance (R)
B. Voltage (E) equals current (I) divided by
resistance (R)
C. Voltage (E) equals current (I) added to
resistance (R)
D. Voltage (E) equals current (I) minus
resistance (R)
I
E
R
T5D03
Resistance (R) = Ohms = Ω
(Opposition to current flow)
What formula is used to calculate resistance in a
circuit?
A. Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) multiplied by
current (I)
B. Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) divided by
current (I)
C. Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) added to
current (I)
D. Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) minus
current (I)
E
I
R
T5D04
What is the resistance of a circuit in which a
current of 3 amperes flows through a
resistor connected to 90 volts?
A. 3 ohms
R=E/I
B. 30 ohms
90 / 3 = 30
C. 93 ohms
D. 270 ohms
E
I
R
T5D05
What is the resistance in a circuit for which
the applied voltage is 12 volts and the
current flow is 1.5 amperes?
A. 18 ohms
R=E/I
B. 0.125 ohms
12 / 1.5 = 8
C. 8 ohms
D. 13.5 ohms
E
I
R
T5D06
What is the resistance of a circuit that draws
4 amperes from a 12-volt source?
A. 3 ohms
B. 16 ohms
R=E/I
C. 48 ohms
90 / 3 = 30
D. 8 Ohms
E
I
R
T5D07
What is the current flow in a circuit with an
applied voltage of 120 volts and a
resistance of 80 ohms?
A. 9600 amperes
I=E/R
B. 200 amperes
120 / 80 = 1.5
C. 0.667 amperes
D. 1.5 amperes
E
I
R
T5D08
What is the current flowing through a 100ohm resistor connected across 200 volts?
A. 20,000 amperes
B. 0.5 amperes
I=E/R
C. 2 amperes
200 / 100 = 2
D. 100 amperes
E
I
R
T5D09
What is the current flowing through a 24ohm resistor connected across 240 volts?
A. 24,000 amperes
B. 0.1 amperes
I=E/R
C. 10 amperes
240 / 24 = 10
D. 216 amperes
E
I
R
T5D10
What is the voltage across a 2-ohm resistor
if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through
it?
A. 1 volt
E=IxR
B. 0.25 volts
0.5 x 2 = 1
C. 2.5 volts
D. 1.5 volts
E
I
R
T5D11
What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor
if a current of 1 ampere flows through it?
A. 1 volt
B. 10 volts
E=IxR
C. 11 volts
1 x 10 = 10
D. 9 volts
E
I
R
T5D12
What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor
if a current of 2 amperes flows through it?
A. 8 volts
B. 0.2 volts
E=IxR
C. 12 volts
2 x 10 = 20
D. 20 volts
E
I
R
End of Module 5
Proceed to Module 6 when
ready