Transcript Prime Time
Prime Time: Needs and Wants What do we need to survive? How is this different than what we want? Prime Time: Needs and Wants What do we need to survive? How is this different than what we want? Read about Economic Systems on page 22 What conclusions can you make? How might an understanding of needs and wants and economic systems help you understand the causes of a war? Geography Promotes Civilization Fertile area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers became site of world’s first civilization Fertile Crescent well suited for agriculture Farming in Mesopotamia posed challenges: If water levels too high, crops washed away If water levels too low, crops died People developed methods to control water: Basins, canals, and dikes Organization: assigning jobs, allocating resources Summarize What factors influenced the rise of civilization in Mesopotamia? Answer: Summarize What factors influenced the rise of civilization in Mesopotamia? Answer: fertile land; plentiful food; need to organize people for jobs Sumer The Cities of Sumer Religion and Government • Large cities developed by 4000 BC • Shaped life in city-states • Structures made of mud bricks • Polytheism Shaped life in citystates • Ziggurat: pyramid-shaped temple • Polytheism: worship of many gods • Massive wall encircled each city • Each city and its land formed a city-state, with its own government • Priests had high status and were the first rulers • War chiefs began to rule as kings • Dynasty: series of rulers from one family Sumerian Culture Writing Math and Sciences • Cuneiform: Sumerian writing • Scribes • • • • • The Arts Trade and Society • Arches, ramps, columns • Traded for wood and metals • Sculpture • Social hierarchy • Cylinder seals • Distinct male/female roles • Business accounts and records • Law, grammar, literature System based on number 60 Geometry May have been the first to use the wheel Invented the plow Basic surgery Draw Conclusions Why was the Sumerians’ development of cuneiform a major turning point in history? Answer(s): Draw Conclusions Why was the Sumerians’ development of cuneiform a major turning point in history? Answer(s): After the development of cuneiform, humankind moved from prehistory into the historical age. Empires in Mesopotamia • Each conquering invader adapted aspects of Sumerian culture. • Thus Sumerian civilization continued to influence life in Mesopotamia. Sargon’s Empire • Sargon I: – Around 2330 BC, created first permanent army – Conquered Sumer and northern Mesopotamia – Established world’s first empire, which lasted about 100 years • Sumerian culture spread far beyond Tigris and Euphrates valleys The Babylonian Empire • Hammurabi became king in 1792 BC • United all of Mesopotamia • Able ruler and administrator • Hammurabi’s Code: – 282 laws covering everything from trade to murder – Written for all to see – Babylon became Mesopotamia’s greatest city LInk to Hammurabi's Code Hammurabi’s code Look on page 36 of your text and answer the following questions about each law listed. 1.Is the law just? 2.Does the punishment fit the crime? 3.Are there different punishments for different people? If so, why? Check out new laws that have just been passed! • 1. If a person accuses another person of a crime, the accused shall go to the river and jump in. If he drowns, the person who accused him may have the accused person's house. If the accused doesn't drown, then the River-God has decided that he is innocent. The person who made the accusation is to be put to death, and the accused shall take his house. • 2. If anyone opens his ditches to water his crop, but is careless, and the water floods the field of his neighbor, then he shall pay his neighbor corn for his loss. • 3. If he be not able to replace the corn, then he and his possessions shall be divided among the farmers whose corn he has flooded. b .’puit7tycs • 4. If a physician kills a patient or cuts out a patient's eye when trying to remove a tumor, the physicians' hands will be cut off. • 5. (233) If a builder builds a house and the house collapses and kills the owner of the house, the builder shall be put to death. If the house collapses and kills the owner's son, then the son of the builder shall be put to death. • 6. If a son hits his father, his hands shall be cut off. • 7. If a fire breaks out in a house and a person who helps to put out the fire steals something from the house, that person shall be thrown into the fire. • 8. If a man destroys the eye of another man, his eye shall be destroyed. If he breaks the bone of another, his bone shall be broken. • 9. If a man's wife, who lives in his house, wishes to leave it, plunges into debt, tries to ruin her house, neglects her husband, and is found guilty: if her husband offer her release, she may go on her way, and he gives her nothing as a gift of release. If her husband does not wish to release her, and if he take another wife, she shall remain as a servant in her husband's house. • 10. If a man wishes to divorce his wife, he must return her dowry and give her the use of part of his field for farming and part of his property so that she can provide for her children. • 11. If a man's wife becomes sick, the husband may take a second wife, but must continue to care for the sick wife as long as she lives. • 12. If a person steals from a temple or takes goods stolen from the temple, he shall be put to death.