Transcript First civilizations

THREE TIME PERIODS OF EARLY HISTORY
 1.
Paleolithic or
“Old Stone”
 Tamed fire
 Spoken Language
 Art
 Invention of tools
 “Ice Ages”
2. MESOLITHIC OR “MIDDLE STONE”
 Gradual
progress of
Gathering food
Communities
Weapons
Art
Domesticated
animals and plants
•Farming revolution
•Growth of villages
•Earliest civilizations
• Jericho (Israel)
• Catal Huyuk
(Turkey)
•Bigger populations
•Trade
•Specialization
•
3. NEOLITHIC OR “NEW STONE”
The beginnings of
world history?
5 of the major
religions of the world
believed that life
began somewhere in
the Mesopotamia
region.
FIRST CIVILIZATIONS
•Earliest
Civilizations developed in
Southern Iraq
•Between
the Tigris and Euphrates
•The area was called Mesopotamia
•Which
is the eastern part of the
Fertile Crescent
•Fertile
Crescent = Iraq, Syria,
Lebanon, Kuwait, Israel, Jordan,
and parts of Turkey and Iran
•One
of these regions in the Fertile
Crescent was Sumer (located in
Southern Iraq)
•Sumer
+ Fertile Crescent = Cradle
of Civilization
COMMUNITIES VS. CIVILIZATIONS (CIVILIZATIONS WERE MORE COMPLEX)
Earliest known civilization!
Greatest invention was
writing = cuneiform
Oldest known story =
Epic of Gilgamesh
Wagon wheel
Sail Boat
Plow
Geometry
Calendar
City-States
SUMER’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO CIVILIZATION ( ZIGGURAT PICTURED ABOVE)
Akkadians – Northern
Mesopotamia
The king of the Akkadians
was Sargon
He conquered ALL of
Mesopotamia and
established the worlds
first empire
The empire would last
200 yrs
THE WORLDS FIRST EMPIRES
Next would be the
Babylonian Empire
with King Hammurabi
Best known for his
code of laws
“The Ordeal” Still
used by some
Bedouin tribes today
KING OF BABYLON - HAMMURABI
Babylon was a city-state
of ancient Mesopotamia,
the remains of which can
be found in present-day Al
Hillah, Babil Province,
Iraq, about 85 kilometers
(55 mi) south of Baghdad.
All that remains of the
original ancient famed city
of Babylon today is a
mound, or tell, of broken
mud-brick buildings and
debris in the fertile
Mesopotamian plain
between the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers, in Iraq.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE BAYBLONIANS
The heartland of
Assyria lies in
present day
Northern Iraq.
The remains of the
ancient capital of
Assyria, Nineveh,
lie next to Mosul in
Northern Iraq.
THE ASSYRIANS
•Well
organized
•Professional
Soldiers
•Used iron
weapons (from
the Hittites)
•Scattered their
enemies
ASSYRIAN ARMY
Capital city of the
Assyrian Empire
(about 1000 years
after Hammurabi)
Nineveh had one
of the world’s first
libraries (25,000
tablets)
NINEVEH
Captured Nineveh and shortly after
the Assyrian empire fell
Most Chaldeans were descendants
of the Babylonian people who
made up Hammurabi’s empire
about 1,200 yrs earlier
King Nebuchadnezzar controlled
all of Mesopotamia
He rebuilt Babylon and it quick
became the world’s largest and
richest city
Developed the first 7-Day Calendar
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
CHALDEANS WERE KNOWN AS THE MEDES
HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON
Persians would conquer
the Medes about 100
years later
Most territory was Iran
The empire took its unified form
with a central administration
around Pasargadae erected by
Cyrus the Great. The empire ended
up conquering and enlarging the
Median empire to include in
addition Egypt and Asia Minor.
During the reigns of Darius I and
his son Xerxes I it engaged in
military conflict with some of the
major city-states of Ancient
Greece, and although it came
close to defeating the Greek army
this war ultimately led to the
empire's overthrow.
THE ACHAEMENID EMPIRE OR PERSIAN EMPIRE