Transcript Slide 1

Digital Circuit Design and
Simulations
Deborah Barnett, Tidehaven High School
Tidehaven ISD
Dr. Peng Li, Assistant Professor (faculty mentor)
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Texas A & M University
Ping-Hsiu Lee, research partner, Reagan High School,
Houston ISD
E3 RESEARCH PROJECT
• Design and analyze circuit functionality and
performance.
• Model basic CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor) transistor behavior using simple
switch models.
• Verify graphical analysis (our circuit design) and
model behavior using the simulation program
PSPICE (an analog circuit and digital logic
simulation software that runs on personal
computers).
EXAMPLE of a circuit in action when
the input is 1
A
Y
0
1
1
0
VDD
pMOS transistor
OFF
A=1
Y=0
ON
GND
nMOS transistor
CLASSROOM PROJECT OVERVIEW
The student will
• investigate the development of the microchip
and its uses in modern technology
• construct an electrical transistor and
investigate the physical design of the
microchip
• design simple CMOS transistors
• use PSPICE to analyze their designs
INTEGRATED CURRICULUM
In ENGLISH I
• Focus on technological advances and its
effects
• Read articles on microchip design and
development of computer technology
• Use basic vocabulary by writing a synopsis of
the articles.
INTEGRATED CURRICULUM
In IPC
• Introduce and use the vocabulary (transistors,
resistors, capacitors, nMOS, pMOS, CMOS)
and manufacturing processes of CPU’s
• Lab experiment constructing circuits
INTEGRATED CURRICULUM
In ALGEBRA 1
• Use examples for graphs and variables from
scientific data, microchip historical data
• Use examples for problems from formulas
pertaining to electric circuits
• Assignments include data pertaining to digital
circuits, microchips, engineering
Targeted State Standards
English I TEKS:
(b.1.a ) Reading/Vocabulary Development.
Students understand new vocabulary and use
it when reading and writing. Students are
expected to determine the meaning of gradelevel technical academic English words in
multiple content areas.
Targeted State Standards
IPC TEKS:
• (3A) analyze and evaluate scientific
explanations using empirical evidence, logical
reasoning, and experimental and
observational testing
• (5f) evaluate the transfer of electrical energy
in series and parallel circuits and conductive
materials.
Targeted State Standards
Algebra 1 TEKS:
• (1.A) describe independent and dependent
quantities in functional relationships,
• (1.D): represent relationships among
quantities using concrete models, graphs,
verbal descriptions, and equations,
• (1.E) interpret and make decisions,
predictions, and critical judgments from
functional relationships,
ALGEBRA 1 TEKS continued
• (2.C) interpret situations in terms of given
graphs,
• (2.D) make and interpret scatter plots, and
model, predict, and make decisions and
critical judgments in problem situations,
• (4.A) find specific function values,
• (6.B) interpret the meaning of slope from data
and graphs.
• (6.C) predict the effects of change in slope.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The student will:
• use science vocabulary such as integrated circuit,
transistor, capacitor, ampere, voltage, and resistor
appropriately both verbally and in written form.
• determine independent and dependent variables in
problem situations involving current and voltage.
• use graphs to determine relationships and make
predictions in problem situations involving integrated
circuits.
PROJECT SCOPE AND SEQUENCE
DAY 1
IPC:
pre-test
DAY 2
IPC: Lesson
Digital and
Integrated
Circuits
ALG 1:
linear functions
transformations
DAY 3
IPC: Lesson
continued
ALG 1:
linear functions
multirepresentations
DAY 4
IPC: Lesson
continued
w/ video on
electronic
technology & IC
ALG 1:
scatterplot
DAY 5
IPC: Lesson
cont
ENGLISH 1:
Research
ALG 1:
correlations
DAY 6
IPC: Circuit Lab
ENGLISH 1:
research cont
ALG 1: find
line of best fit
DAY 7
IPC: Circuit Lab
cont
ENGLISH 1:
writing assign
ALG 1: use
line of best fit
DAY 8
IPC and ALG 1:
design circuits
by hand
ENGLISH 1:
writing assign
DAY 9
IPC and ALG 1:
design circuits
by hand
DAY 10
IPC and ALG 1:
Use PSPICE to
validate design
DAY 11
IPC and ALG 1:
Use PSPICE to
validate design
DAY 12
ALG 1:
post-test
IPC LAB for Series and Parallel Circuits
Kit Components Needed:
12 047MFD capacitor
6 220PF 200v
12 MPSA06 transistor
6 1.5K 1/4w resistor
12 10K ohm resistor
24 470 ohm resistor
6 7 segment light detector
6 CD4011 integrated circuit
6 LM339 integrated circuit
6 1458 integrated circuit
6 Red LED
6 Photo diode infrared detector
5 SPDT miniature slide switch
5 Jumper wire kits
1 Box large paper clips
6 10MFD capacitor
18 100MFD capacitor
6 2N2905A transistor
6 2N3053NPN transistor
12 2N3904 transistor
12 1M ohm resistor
66 100 ohm 1/4w resistor
6 100K 1/4w resistor
6 4.7K 1/4w resistor
12 47 ohm resistor
12 47K 1/4w resistor
5 500K potentiometer
6 74S00N integrated circuit
6 74S90N integrated circuit
6 CD4511 integrated circuit
6 LM386N integrated circuit
6 NE555N integrated circuit timer 6 SCL4049A Hex Inverter
integrated circuit
12 IN4148T diode
24 Green LED
6 Yellow LED
5 Photo cell (LDR)
10 Loudspeaker
5 Pushbutton momentary switch
15pr Alligator clips
5 Breadboard
5 Group power supply
5 Digital multimeter
1 Roll aluminum foil
5 Ball point pens
EXCERPT OF ENGLISH I READING ASSIGNMENT
• The design of a transistor allows it to function as an amplifier or a
switch. This is accomplished by using a small amount of electricity
to control a gate on a much larger supply of electricity, much like
turning a valve to control a supply of water.
Transistors are composed of three parts – a base, a collector, and an
emitter. The base is the gate controller device for the larger
electrical supply. The collector is the larger electrical supply, and the
emitter is the outlet for that supply. By sending varying levels of
current from the base, the amount of current flowing through the
gate from the collector may be regulated. In this way, a very small
amount of current may be used to control a large amount of
current, as in an amplifier. The same process is used to create the
binary code for the digital processors but in this case a voltage
threshold of five volts is needed to open the collector gate. In this
way, the transistor is being used as a switch with a binary function:
five volts – ON, less than five volts – OFF.
ALGEBRA 1 PROJECT LESSON PLANS
DATE
OBJECTIVE/LESSON
Day 1
IPC gives Pre-Test
Day 2
(1.a): describe independent and dependent quantities
in functional relationships
(1.D): represent relationships among quantities using
concrete models, graphs, verbal descriptions, and
equations. (4.A) find specific function values
(1.D): represent relationships among quantities using
concrete models, graphs, verbal descriptions, and
equations. (4.A) find specific function values
Graph paper
Straight edge
Graphing calculator
Examples/problems related to
current, voltage, and resistance
Graph paper
Straight edge
Graphing calculator
Examples/problems related to
capacitors and resistors
Day 4
(2.C) interpret situations in terms of given
graphs,(2.D) make and interpret scatter plots
Graph paper
Direct Teach
Graphing calculator
Guided Practice
Examples/problems related to
microchip industry growth, size of
microchips
Day 5
2.D) make and interpret scatter plots, and model,
predict, and make decisions and critical judgments in
problem situations (correlations)
Graph paper
Straight edge
Graphing calculator
Examples/problems related to
silicon, CMOS transistors
Day 3
MATERIALS/RESOURCES
METHOD/ACTIVITY
Direct Teach
Guided Practice
Independent practice/pairs
Direct Teach
Guided Practice
ALGEBRA 1 PROJECT LESSON PLANS
DATE
OBJECTIVE/LESSON
Day 6
2.D) make and interpret scatter plots, and model,
predict, and make decisions and critical judgments
in problem situations (correlations and lines of
best fit)
MATERIALS/RESOURCES
METHOD/ACTIVITY
Day 8
Graph paper
Straight edge
Graphing calculator
Examples/problems related to
series and parallel circuits
(2.D) make and interpret scatter plots, and model, Graph paper
predict, and make decisions and critical judgments Straight edge
in problem situations (correlations and lines of
Graphing calculator
best fit)
Examples/problems related to
nMOS and pMOS transistors
Design simple circuits and analyze using logic table Blank paper
Day 9
Design simple circuits and analyze using logic table Blank paper
Day 10
Validate circuit designs using PSPICE
Computer lab
Direct Teach
Guided Practice
Independent
practice/pairs/teams
Pairs
Day 11
Validate circuit designs using PSPICE
Computer lab
Pairs
Day 12
Project Post-test
Day 7
Independent practice/pairs
Independent practice/pairs
Example to Use
Another Example
PRE/POST-TEST
FOCUS
• Questions 1 - 10 are technical vocabulary
related to the project and general questions
related to engineering
• Question 11 - 20 are Algebra 1 skills related to
the project
SOME OF THE QUESTIONS
Matching
a. resistor
b. capacitor
c. transistor
d. silicon
____1. A device used in electronic circuits that provides semi-conductivity is called a ?
____2. ? is a nonmetallic chemical element with low electrical conductivity.
____3. A device used in electronic circuits that holds a charge of electricity is called a ?
____4. A device used in electronic circuits used to control the flow of current is called a ?
SOME MORE QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____5. Persons concerned with developing economical and safe solutions to practical problems by
applying mathematics and scientific knowledge are _?_.
a. teachers
c. policemen
b. salesmen
d. engineers
____ 6. An engineer is developing a method to be used for future space travel which will change
urine into drinking water without using toxic chemicals. He/she is a/an _?_ engineer.
a. nuclear
c. industrial
b. environmental civil
d. petroleum
____7. An engineer is testing the strength of the concrete used in bridge building by applying
thousands of pounds of pressure to see when the concrete will collapse and crumble. He/she is
a/an _?_ engineer.
a. petroleum
c. nuclear
b. structural civil
d. chemical
____19. Use the formula V = IR for the following
problem. V represent voltage, R represent
resistance (ohms) and I represents electrical
current (amperes). If an electric light bulb draws a
current of 1.2 amperes at 6 volts, what is the
resistance?
a. 5 ohms
b 2 ohms
.
c. 0.5 ohms
d 0.2 ohms
.
PSPICE Demonstration
Step 1: Access the library using key strokes:
Control G
Scroll through library and click on MBREAKN3
which is the nMOS transistor.
It should look like this……
LIBRARY
Click and drag the MBREAKN3 into
position
You will end up with this……
This is an nMOS transistor
Step 2:
Access library again with Control G and select
VDC
VDC is voltage direct current power supply. The
voltage measurement in an DC system.
Click and drag twice to put 2 VDC’s on the
schematic design. It should look as follows.
Step 3:
Access library again with Control G and select a
ground. Click on GND_EARTH.
Click and drag 3 times to set the grounds. It
should look as follows.
GROUNDS
Step 4:
Click on V1 and change the name to Vd.
Click on V2 and change the name to Vg.
Click on the pencil on the Tool Bar and draw the
wires to connect the nMOS transistor. It
should look as follows.
Analysis
Simulation
Click on the current icon to set probe
Step 5:
Set analysis for a DC Sweep for the Vd source
and a nested sweep for the Vg source.
Click on Simulation and the following analysis
will appear.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• Dr. Peng Li, faculty mentor, Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Texas A & M University
• Albert Zeng, PhD student, Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Texas A & M University
• TAMU E3 participating faculty
• National Science Foundation (NSF)
• Ping-Hsiu Lee, research partner, Reagan High School, Houston ISD
THANK YOU ALL FOR A GREAT EXPERIENCE!