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© R Baker Year 6 Revision booklet • One sheet per topic • Mind map, note or questionnaire type form • Some links to the internet • For a general revision site go to: • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks2bitesize/science/ Year 6 Revision booklet 1 © R Baker 6A Polar bear adaptations Plants make oxygen and use carbon dioxide Streamlined body for strong swimming Animals make carbon dioxide and use oxygen Thick White Fur for camouflage Sharp Claws for digging burrows and catching fish Interdependence & Adaptation Plants and animals are interdependent and warmth Adapting to the environment increases an organisms chance of survival A Food Chain shows what eats what. A Food Web is many connected food chains (The arrow shows into whose mouth the food goes.) Grass RabbitFox Year 6 Revision booklet Plants need : Oxygen, heat and water to germinate, to grow they also need light (to make their food) 2 and nutrients for strong growth © R Baker 6B All Micro-organisms do MRSGREN (Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition) Yeast is a micro-organism. For yeast to perform its life processes, it needs water, warmth and food (sugar). We make dough rise by the carbon dioxide produced by when yeast respires. Micro-Organisms Microbes or Germs (bacteria & viruses) Microbes are tiny! 10 or 20 would fit onto the very tip of a needle! Good microbes: Make beer, wine, cheese & yoghurt Word List: Bad microbes Bacteria- Tiny living organism Virus- Tiny organism which causes smallpox (which was cured by a Edward Jenner using a vaccination) Germ- General term for bacteria or Virus Cause flu, tooth decay, chickenpox and food poisoning Year 6 Revision booklet 3 © R Baker 6C More About Dissolving Factors which affect how solids dissolve INCREASE INCREASE SPEED AMOUNT Y Y Y N N Y •Reduce grain size •Stir •Increase Temp’ Making a salt (solute) & water (solvent) mixture by dissolving table salt (sodium chloride) in water. The result is a clear colourless SOLUTION. A copper sulphate (solute) & water (solvent) mixture is a clear blue SOLUTION. Stir, grains of sugar into hot tea for a quick sweet drink! •Dissolving is a Physical (Reversible) Change •It creates a mixture. You can separate mixtures using: •Coloured dyes- Chromatography (each colour separated) •Insoluble solids/ liquid – Filtration (gets the solid) Sand is insoluble in water and can be removed from water by filtration. •Soluble solids/ liquid – Evaporation (gets the solid) •Soluble solids/ liquid – Distillation (gets the liquid) To separate salt & sand mixture: 1. Add water to mixture – salt dissolves •Many liquids mixed – Fractional distillation (eg Crude oil) 2. Filter –removes insoluble sand To see 3. Evaporate – removes water http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/dissolve.html 4. White salt is left behind! how salt dissolves in water go to: Year 6 Revision booklet 4 © R Baker 6D Reversible & Irreversible Changes Chemical (Irreversible) Changes Physical (Reversible) Changes Burning or Combustion Evaporation: Liquid Gas Cooking Condensation: Gas Liquid Neutralising (vinegar & bicarbonate) Melting: Solid Liquid A process making new substances with new properties ( e.g. Solid + Liquid makes a gas, or 2 liquids mix and change colour!) Freezing: Liquid Solid Subliming: Solid Gas Subliming: Gas Solid Dissolving solid into a liquid Word List Heat REVERSIBLE: Able to be changed back to the way it was before IRREVERSIBLE: Cannot be changed back to the way it w as before. BURNING: To set something on fire (combustion). This is also oxidation as oxygen from the air is necessary for burning. DISSOLVING: When a solid substance ‘disappears’ in a liquid SEPARATION: A method used to sort materials which have somehow become mixed up. Year 6 Revision booklet The Fire Triangle Fuel Oxyge n Fire is an irreversible change 5 Forces in Action 6E Nessie Thrust = Friction = Constant speed Thrust > Friction = Speeding up Weight Heavy ocean liners float Thrust < Friction = Slowing Down because the upthrust from the weight of water displaced equals the weight Forces are measured of the liner! Weight Graph showing how Nessie’s speed changes when she falls out of a plane reaches a constant speed (220m/s) and then her parachute opens so she slows down to 30m/s! 250 S pe e d (m/ s) 200 150 100 50 in Newtons 1 2 3 4 Forces can only: Change a thing’s direction Change a thing’s shape Slow a thing down Speed a thing up Time (secs) 13 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 Speed (m/s) Upthrust Friction Thrust Air resistance © R Baker Year 6 Revision booklet 6 © R Baker 6F How We See Things The sun is the major LIGHT SOURCE . Light reflects best of shiny smooth Other light sources are objects like a mirror. light bulbs and fire. In a mirror left appears right and vice versa. This is LATERAL INVERSION ABC B Transparent A Translucent Periscopes enable you to see above or below and uses two mirrors at 45° Mirrors at 45° Opaque Shadows change as the object is moved nearer to or farther from the screen. Near the screen – dark, sharp shadows Near the candle – light fuzzy shadow Year 6 Revision booklet 7 © R Baker 6G Electricity: Changing Circuits + A Series Circuit A ‘A’ is smaller Series Circuit Parallel Circuit •One break in the circuit and the whole circuit stops working. •More batteries mean brighter bulbs. •Batteries last longer. •One break may not stop the whole circuit from working. •All the bulbs are the same better brightness. •Batteries run out more quickly. •You can turn the bulbs off separately. + A Parallel Circuit ‘A’ is bigger Know your symbols A Cells , Bulb, Ammeter Voltmeter, Switch (open), (closed) Resistor, Variable Resistor, Fuse Diode Electricity is a flow of charge To see how you can affect the brightness of bulbs in a circuit go to: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/10_11/changing_circuits.shtml Year 6 Revision booklet 8 © R Baker 6G Enquiry into Environmental Issues How do I frame a question? What is a fair test? Why do I repeat an experiment several times? What measurements should I make? How should I record my results (table or graph) What type of graph (bar chart or line graph)? A Bar Chart A Line Graph Discontinuous variable Continuous variable 120 14 12 100 10 80 8 Blackbird Sparrow Blue tit 6 4 60 Temperature 40 20 2 0 0 6F 6N 6W -20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Year 6 Revision booklet 9