Transcript Circuit Breaker Components - APL

Circuit Breaker Components
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Capacitor
Resistors
Diodes
Switches
Capacitors--Specs
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10KVDC
10uF
Small Size
Three sources
– Plastic Capacitors Inc (USA)
– Hi Volt Corporation (Ireland)
– High Energy Corporation (USA)
Capacitors
• Size is a function of Capacitance
– Smaller capacitance, smaller volume
Possible to use smaller cap?
• 10uF gives a spike of 12kV for about
200msec
• 1uF gives a spike of 14kV for about
100msec
• Is this acceptable?
• Try simulations with 5uF
Capacitor Comparison
Plastic Caps
Hi Volt
High Energy
materials
Sealed military can,
Solder-seal terminals
Tinplate case,
Ceramic terminals
Enamel finish
Plated steel, epoxy
finish
Impregnant
Mineral oil
Mineral oil
Mineral oil
Applications
Storage/dischage, high
current low repetiton
Arc and spark
Filters
suppression,
Voltage smoothing
Cap Comparison (cont)
• Tolerances of ±10%
• Temperature ranges –55C to 85C
• Prices (based on purchase of 100-150 units)
– Plastic Caps range from $112 for 1uF to $493
for 10uF
– Hi Volt prices at £70 fro 1uF and 4uF
Resistors--specs
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1kΩ resistance
10 Amps
10kVDC
10A*10kV=100kW!
100kW*1sec=27.77kWh
27.22kWh/3.6*10^6=7.7*10^-6 Joules
Resistors—what I found
• Most resistors very small or very large
• Most resistors rated in KW range are very
large size and impractical for our purposes
• High voltage resistors are rated for low
wattage and high energy
• Ex.
Kanthal Globar 106AS resistor
15kV, 35A, 13W, 1900J
Resistors
• Actual resistance value still undecided
• Actual ratings not entirely clear, i.e. what
power ratings and energy ratings will
suffice for this application.
• Wait until design is more firm, test resistors
in lab
Resistors (cont)
• Manufacturers
– Kanthal Globar
• Resistors designed for short pulses
• $43-$73 range per resistor (based on small order)
• Sizes from 2”-6” in length
– Nicrom Ticino
• Power resistors
• $55-$75 range
• 2”-6” length
– Tepro
• Will build to our specs, 400mm in length
What we have
• Capacitors
– No problem
• Switches
– Will use vacuum switches for now
– Looking into GTO
• Diodes
– Again, no problem
Diodes
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Need 10A, 10kV Vrrm
Found 10-20A, 1000-1600Vrrm
Can cascade in series
International Rectifier
– Two types
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Plastic casing, $1.26-$1.68ea
Metal casing $3.72-$3.84ea
Both about 1.25” in length
Neither immersable in transformer oil
Switches
• Possible options
– Vacuum switches
• Durable, long lasting
• Require continuous signal while closed
• 3.25” long, 0.65” wide
– GTO switches
• Turn on signal, turn off signal, but no continuous
current
What’s next?
• Build a low-voltage prototype
• What we have
– IGBT switches
– Logic switch controller
• What we need
– Low voltage capacitor, resistors, diodes