Transcript APA Format - Viterbo University

APA FORMAT
VITERBO UNIVERSITY
ACADEMIC RESOURCE CENTER
THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATION
Behavioral and social sciences
Guidelines for
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Content
Structure
Style
Publication
Crediting sources
CREDITING SOURCES
We use information from other sources to support our own claims.
• Shows what others have said.
• Allows us to make inferences.
• Builds your own credibility.
Give credit to your source anytime you
• Quote
• Paraphrase
• Summarize
If you don’t give
credit to your
sources, you are
in danger of
plagiarism.
CREDITING SOURCES
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Authors
Dates
Page numbers
Parenthetical citations
Signal phrases
Punctuation
REFERENCES
Type of source
If a source appears in the body of
your paper, there must be a
corresponding Reference entry for
the source.
If a source is listed in your
References page, it must be clearly
used in the paper.
AS YOU RESEARCH AND READ
SOURCES
Keep track of
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Authors, organizations
Title of work and container
Page or paragraph number
Publication information, URLs or DOIs
WRITING ABOUT SOURCES IN
THE BODY OF YOUR PAPER
Titles
Container titles in italics: books, journals, newspapers, websites, television series
Work within a container: chapter of a book, article in a journal or newspaper, page of a
website, television episode
• “An Unfair Fight” is the title of a chapter within the book Tomatoland
• “Optimisation of Food Expectations Using Product Colour and Appearance” is the title
of an academic article in the journal Food Quality and Preference.
Capitalization
Capitalize major words: four letters or more, all verbs, pronouns, nouns, adjectives,
adverbs
Do not capitalize articles, conjunctions, or short prepositions
WRITING ABOUT SOURCES IN
THE BODY OF YOUR PAPER
Authors
Only use authors’ last names. Do not include titles (e.g. Dr.) or suffixes (e.g. Jr.).
Organizations
Spell out the entire name followed by the acronym or abbreviation.
According to the Land Stewardship Project (LSP),…
Verb Tense
Use past tense when writing about an author’s words, work, or ideas.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Author
Single, multiple, organization, unknown
Date
Known or unknown
Location
Page number or paragraph number
Include this information in a signal phrase or parenthetical citation.
AUTHORS: SINGLE, MULTIPLE
Signal phrase
While reporting on the commercial tomato industry in Florida, Estabrook (2011)
interviewed a migrant worker from Mexico, Emilio Galindo.
Wei, Ou, Luo, and Hutchings (2012) noted the associations that people have between
food appearance and taste expectations.
Wei et al. (2012) found there was a strong association between memory and taste
expectation as well.
Parenthetical citation
The Committee sets the standards for “the exact size, color, texture, and shape of
exported slicing tomatoes” (Estabrook, 2011, p. 123).
There is a correlation between the appearance and color of food and taste (Wei, Ou,
Luo, & Hutchings, 2012).
AUTHORS: ORGANIZATION
Farmworker Justice (n.d.) explained that while agricultural workers’ wages are
protected under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), workers are not entitled to
overtime pay, and small farms that employ fewer than seven people are not required to
adhere to the FLSA’s minimum wage standards.
Indirect Sources (when your source cites someone who you want to cite)
Christensen (1983) claimed, “…appropriately coloured foods were perceived to have a
stronger intensity of flavor and better quality than inappropriately colored foods” (as
cited in Wei et al., 2012, pp. 61-62).
• Mention the original author in the signal phrase.
• Acknowledge the source you used in the parentheses.
DATES
Include the year of publication the first time you mention an author in the text or
insert a parenthetical citation.
Use n.d. when there is not a publication date.
Determining dates for websites:
http://ucanr.edu/sites/postharvest/pfvegetable/Tomato/
LOCATION: PAGE OR
PARAGRAPH NUMBER
If you quote or paraphrase from a specific place in the text, include a location with
your citation.
The Committee sets the standards for “the exact size, color, texture, and shape of
exported slicing tomatoes” (Estabrook, 2011, p. 123).
Recommendations suggest that tomatoes are picked when they are in the Mature Green
2 phase, meaning the locular jelly, the part of the tomato that contributes to taste, has
begun to form (Suslow & Cantwell, 2013, para. 1).
REFERENCES
What type of source are you using?
Estabrook, B. (2011). Tomatoland: How modern industrial agriculture destroyed
our most alluring fruit. Kansas City: Andrews McMeel Publishing.
• Book with one author
Wei, S., Ou, L., Luo, M. R., & Hutchings, J. B. (2012). Optimisation of food
expectations using product colour and appearance. Food Quality &
Preference, 23(1), 49-62. doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.07.004
• Article from an online periodical with DOI
REFERENCES: ELECTRONIC
SOURCES
Farmworker Justice. (n.d.). US labor law for farmworkers. Retrieved from
http://www.farmworkerjustice.org/advocacy-and-programs/us-labor-lawfarmworkers
Suslow, T. V., & Cantwell, M. (2013). Tomato: Recommendations for maintaining
postharvest quality. Retrieved from
http://ucanr.edu/sites/postharvest/pfvegetable/Tomato/
• Nonperiodical web document or report