Transcript The Simple Past of Be and The Simple Past

The Simple Past of Be
The Simple Past
Grammar Sense 1, Chapters 11 and 12
Part 1: The Simple Past of Be:
Affirmative and Negative Statements
Affirmative Statements
I
You
He
She
It
Singular
was
were
was
was
was
helpful.
helpful.
helpful.
helpful.
helpful.
We
You
They
Plural
were
were
were
helpful.
helpful.
helpful.
Negative Statements
I
You
He
She
It
Singular
was not
were not
wasn’t
wasn’t
wasn’t
helpful.
helpful.
helpful.
helpful.
helpful.
We
You
They
weren’t
weren’t
weren’t
helpful.
helpful.
helpful.
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The Simple Past of Be:
Yes/No Questions
Yes/No Questions
Was/
Were Subject
Rest of Sentence
Was
Were
Was
Was
Was
Were
Were
Were
helpful?
helpful?
helpful?
helpful?
helpful?
helpful?
helpful?
helpful?
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Yes, you were./No, you weren’t.
Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.
Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t.
Yes, she was./No, she wasn’t.
Yes, it was./No, it wasn’t.
Yes, you were./No, you weren’t.
Yes, we were./No, we weren’t.
Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.
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The Simple Past of Be:
Information Questions
Quest.
Word
Where
Why
When
Who
How
What
Who
What
Was/
Were Subject
was
were
were
were
were
was
was
was
he
you
we
you
Rest of Sentence
last week?
He was in London.
in Hawaii?
For Tom’s wedding.
in Boston?
In 1995.
with?
My brother.
the desserts?
They were delicious.
that noise?
It was a barking dog.
in Rome? We were.
in the car?
My purse.
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The Simple Past Be: Meaning
and Use
Common Uses of Be in the Simple Past
Use the simple past of be to talk about people, things, or situations that
existed in the past.
When we use the simple past of be, we often use a past time
expression like yesterday, last night/month. We also use a period of
time + ago. These past time expressions can occur at the beginning or
end of a sentence.
Examples:
I wasn’t in school yesterday.
Last night they were at a party.
Irina’s birthday was ten days ago.
The day before yesterday was Monday.
Last month we were in Argentina.
Five minutes ago Mike was in the kitchen.
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Part 2: The Simple Past
The Simple Past Statements
Affirmative Statements
Subject
base form of verb Rest of Sentence
+ -d/-ed
I
arrived
yesterday.
You
arrived
yesterday.
He
arrived
yesterday.
She
arrived
yesterday.
We
worked
yesterday.
You
worked
yesterday.
They
worked
yesterday.
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The Simple Past: Simple Past
Statements
Negative Statements
Subject
Did + Not
(didn’t)
I
didn’t
You
didn’t
He
didn’t
She
didn’t
We
didn’t
You
didn’t
Base Form
of Verb
arrive
arrive
arrive
arrive
work
work
Rest of Sentence
yesterday.
yesterday.
yesterday.
yesterday.
yesterday.
yesterday
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The Simple Past: Irregular Verbs
Irregular Verbs
Affirmative Statements
Subject Simple Past Form Rest of Sentence
I
left
yesterday.
You went
three weeks ago.
He
won
last week.
She spoke
at the meeting last night.
It
ran
outside last week.
We
drove
to the beach last Saturday.
They saw
their teacher at the mall this morning.
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The Simple Past: Irregular Verbs
Irregular Verbs
Negative Statements
Subject Didn’t
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Base Form Rest of Sentence
of Verb
didn’t
leave
didn’t go
didn’t win
didn’t speak
didn’t run
didn’t drive
didn’t see
yesterday.
three weeks ago.
last week.
at the meeting last night.
outside last week.
to the beach last Saturday.
their teacher at the mall this morning.
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Regular Verbs
To form the simple past of most regular verbs, add –ed to
the base form.
work—worked
cover—covered
If the base form of a regular verb ends in –e, add –d.
arrive—arrived
place—placed
(See Appendix 6 in Grammar Sense 1 for spelling rules for verbs ending in –ed.)
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Irregular Verbs
Base Form-Simple Past
become-became
buy-bought
come-came
do-did
drive-drove
eat-ate
find-found
forget-forgot
give-gave
go-went
have-had
hear-heard
keep-kept
know-knew
leave-left
make-made
meet-met
put-put
say-said
see-saw
spend-spent
speak-spoke
take-took
wake-woke
wear-wore
win-won
write-wrote
Negative Forms
To form a negative statement in the simple past with a regular
or irregular verb, use the base for of the verb after did +
not.
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Simple Past Questions
Yes/No Questions
Did Subject Base Form
of Verb
Did I
arrive
Did you
arrive
Did he
arrive
Did it
arrive
Did we
leave
Did you
leave
Did they
leave
Rest of Sentence
yesterday? Yes, you did./No, you didn’t.
yesterday? Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.
yesterday? Yes, he did./No, he didn’t.
yesterday? Yes, it did./No, it didn’t.
yesterday? Yes, you did./No, you didn’t.
yesterday? Yes, we did./No, we didn’t.
yesterday? Yes, they did./No, they didn’t.
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Simple Past Questions
Information Questions
Wh-Word
Who
What
Where
When
Why
How
Who
What
Did Subject Base Form Rest of Sentence
did I
meet
at dinner?
Your friend Jane.
did
you
have
for breakfast?
I had cereal.
did he
go
last night?
To Steve’s house.
did we
call
them? You called them last week.
did you
study
so late? Because we had a big test.
did
they
enjoy
the film?
They loved it.
left
yesterday?
Pete.
arrived
in the mail?
A letter.
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The Simple Past: Examining
Meaning and Use
Past Actions and States
Use the simple past for actions that started and finished in the
past. The actions can be from the recent past (a short time
ago) or from the distant past (a long time ago).
Use the simple past for states that were true in the past.
Past Time Expressions
As with the simple past of be, we often use past time expressions with
verbs in the simple past to say when an action happened. Past time
expressions can come at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
Examples:
They went to Japan last week. Last night we saw a great movie.
He left ten minutes ago.
Two years ago I went to Mexico.
We stayed for three hours.
I was ill yesterday.
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