Transcript the korean language morphology

Nathiqa Azira binti Utoh Joehann
1415018
Prof Dr. Nuraihan binti Mat Daud
Introduction to Linguistics
 a branch of linguistics that studies and
describes patterns of word formation.
 The official language of South Korea and North Korea.
 It was written with adapted Chinese characters
called hanja.
 It is agglutinative in its morphology and SOV in its
syntax.
 Sino-Korean or Hanja-eo refers to the set of words
in the Korean language vocabulary that originated
from or were influenced by hanja.
 Sino-Korean words today make up about 60% of the
Korean vocabulary.
 Example: 두부 (dubu), 豆腐 (Dòufu) in Chinese
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Copula
Adjectives
Adverbs
Numerals
Particles
Prenouns
Derivational
Compounding
Borrowing
Inflectional
• A derivational process is defined as the process of
forming a new word on the basis of an existing word.
• Derivation stands in contrast to the process of
inflection.
Types of Derivatives
Example
Derivational prefixes
맏아들 ‘madadeul’ = First son
맏 = first +아들 = son
장사꾼 ‘jaŋsakkun’ = Business man
장사 = business + 꾼 = doer
Derivational suffixes
Derivational from verbs
벌이 ‘beori’ = Income
벌 = earn + 이 = act
• Compound words are words that add together to
make a new word.
• It occurs when two or more words are joined
together to make them one word.
Types of Compounding
Example
Compound of Nouns:
Noun + Noun
Noun + Genitive ‘s’
손목 ‘seon-mok’ = Wrist (hand-neck)
물개 ‘mul-kay’ = Seal (water’s-dog)
Compound of Verbs:
Noun + Verb (sub+pred)
Noun + Verb (obj+pred)
빛나다 ‘pich-nata’ = Shine (light-gives off)
힘스다 ‘him-sseuda’ = Try hard (strength-use)
Compound of Adjectives:
Noun + Adjective (sub+pred)
Reduplicative
배부르다 ‘bae-buleuta’ = Be (stomach-) full
크나크다 ‘keu-na keu-da’ = Be huge
Compound of Adverbs:
Noun + Noun
오늘날 ‘o-neulnal’ = Nowadays (today-day)
• Loanwords are words adopted by the speakers of one
language from a different language. A loanword can
also be called a borrowing.
Back
formation
Clipping
Blending
Acronym
Types of Borrowing
Example
Backformation (English)
Deletion of Inflectional affix /s/
하이힐 ‘hai-hileu’ (High heels)
Addition of inflectional suffix
하다/했다 (formal)
쇼핑하다 ‘syo-ping-ha-da’ (Shopping)
Clipping (English)
Front clipping
Back clipping
도저 ‘do-jo’ (Bulldozer)
아파트 ‘a-pateu’ (Apartment)
Blending
컴푸터피아 ‘kom-pu-to-pi-ah’ (Computer + Phobia)
Acronym and Abbreviation
브이아이피 (VIP )
• Inflexion is the modification of a word to express
different grammatical categories such as tense,
mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and
case.
• Expresses one or more grammatical categories with
a prefix, suffix or infix, or another internal
modification such as a vowel change.
Types of Inflection
Example
Plural nouns
아기들이 ‘aege-deul’ = Babies
Present tense
나는 친구를 만난다 ‘naneun chinggureul mannanda’
= I meet a friend
Past tense
나는 친구를 만났다 ‘naneun chinggureul mannatda’
= I met a friend
Future tense
나는 먹겠다 ‘naneun meokgetda’ = I will eat