Transcript Aims: - Pronunciation: Students will be able to pronounce the sound

UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK
PART E: LANGUAGE FOCUS
PRONUNCIATION
/w/
we
wheel
west wet
wine whale
/j/
yes
yellow
young
years
use
York
GRAMMAR
• Exercise 1: Complete each of the
following sentences with an appropriate
gerund of the verbs from the box.
spend
start
behave
bend
wait
meet
park
listen
Example:
He found that parking was difficult in
that city.
• 1- I have no objection to listening
_______ to your story
again.
bending your
• 2- Touch your toes without _________
knees!
• 3- You should be ashamed of yourself
behaving so badly.
for_________
meeting
• 4- I am looking forward to _________
you.
• 5- You can’t prevent him from ________
spending his
own money.
• 6- Would you mind _________
waiting
for a moment?
starting
• 7- In spite of __________
late, we arrived in
time.
The gerund can be used in the
following ways
1. As subject of sentence (in example)
2. As complement of a verb
3. After prepositions (in number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and 6)
4. After certain verbs ( in number 6)
5. In noun compounds
Exercise 2: Complete of the following
sentence with an appropriate present
participle of the verb from the box
lie modernize
rise
try
shop
read
pass
burn
Example :
I saw him ________ my house
-I saw him passing my house
prepare
1. She smelt something _______
burning and saw
rising
smoke _________
reading her diary, she’ll be
2. If she catches you _______
furious.
3. The found a tree _______
lying across the road.
4. I’m going shopping
________ this afternoon.
preparing
5. He doesn’t spend much time ________
his lessons.
trying to
6. They wasted the whole afternoon _______
repair the bike.
modernizing
7. They spend a lot of money __________
the house.
Some of the uses of present participle
1. After verbs of sensation (see, hear, feel,
smell, listen to, notice, watch)
2. After catch/ find/ leave+ O
3. After go/ come/ spend/ waste/ be busy
4. To replace a clause
Ex: He entered the room and saw a stranger.
 Entering the room, he saw a stranger.
Comments
The difference between gerund and present
participle
• Gerund: used as a noun equivalent
• Present participle: more like a verb or an
adjective
Exercise 3: Put the verb in
brackets into the perfect gerund
or perfect participle
**Example:
He was accused of _______
(desert) his ship two months
ago.
_ He was accused of having
deserted his ship two months
ago.
Perfect Gerund and Perfect
Participle
• A perfect gerund / participle is used instead of
a gerund/ participle when we want to
emphasize the completion of the action
Gerund
We are happy about your
completing all your
assignments
Perfect Gerund
We are happy about your
having completed all your
assignments
Participle
Perfect Participle
Finishing the work, they Having finished the
went home
work, they went home.
1. I object to him having made (make) private calls on the office
phone.
 PERFECT GERUND
2. Having been (be) his own boss for such a long time, he found
it hard to accept orders from another.
 PERFECT PARTICIPLE
3. They denied having been (be) there.
 PERFECT GERUND
4. Having tied (tie) one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the
other end out of the window.
 PERFECT PARTICIPLE
5. Having read (read) the instruction, he snatched up the fire
extinguisher.
 PERFECT PARTICIPLE
6. The children admitted having taken (take) the money.
 PERFECT GERUND
HOMEWORK
Write 5 sentences using gerund and 5
sentences using participle
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR YOUR ATTENTION