Transcript Writing - eLisa UGM

Writing in English
Style in Written English
Common stylic problems
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Sequence of tenses
Say/Tell
Dangling participles
Antecedents of pronouns
Participles as adjectives
Redundancy
Parallel structure
Transformation of Direct and Indirect objects
Adverbial at the beginning of a sentence
7. Parallel structure
• information given in the form of a series or list in a sentence
 grammatically parallel or equal
Dhia is smart, friendly, and many people like her.
adjective adjective
sentence
Dhia is smart, friendly, and popular.
adjective adjective
adjective
He likes to swim, fish, and surfing.
infinitive Simple form
Verb+ing
Exercises : Change the following sentences if
you think they are unparallel
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ecologists are trying to preserve our environment for future
generations by protecting the ozone layer, purifying the air, and
have replanted the trees that have been cut down.
Slowly and with care, the Museum director removed the Ming
vase from the shelf and placed it on the display pedestal.
Abraham Lincoln was a good president and was self-educated,
hard-working, and always told the truth.
She is a senior, studies every day, and will graduate a semester
early.
Enrique entered the classroom, sat down, and opening his book.
8. Transformation of Direct and Indirect
objects
Two ways of writing objects of many verbs without changing the
meaning of the sentence :
• the indirect object may occur after the direct object,
preceded by a preposition
• it may occur before the direct object without preceded by
a preposition
The prepositions used generally : for and to
The indirect object is an animate object or objects to whom or
for whom something is done
The direct object can be a person or a thing and is the first
receiver of the action
Examples
The director sent to them the manuscript last night.
 The director sent the manuscript to them last night.
 The director sent them the manuscript last night.
They gave us it.
 They gave it to us.
John gave to his teacher the essay.
 John gave his teacher the essay.
 John gave the essay to his teacher.
Not all verbs allow for this object
transformation. Some that do are :
bring
build
buy
hand
pass
teach
find
get
give
paint
show
make
offer
owe
send
feed
promise
read
sell
draw
lend
tell
write
cut
leave
pay
Exercises : Rewrite these sentences by eliminating
the preposition
1.
2.
3.
4.
I will send the books to you next week.
They wrote a letter to us.
That teacher taught grammar to us last year.
He brought the telegram to her this morning
Exercises : Rewrite these sentences by supplying the
correct preposition
1.
2.
3.
4.
The clerk sold us the record.
Pass me the salt please.
She bought him a red jacket.
The construction crew built them a house in four
weeks.
9. Adverbial at the beginning of a sentence
• to indicate a stronger emphasis on the action than when the
adverbial is in its normal position
Examples:
Juan hardly remembers the lab accident that made his log book burnt.
Hardly does Juan remember the lab accident that made his log book burnt.
Never have so many people been unemployed today.
(So many people have never been unemployed today.)
Hardly
Rarely
Seldom
Never
Only …
+
auxiliary
+
subject
+
verb
Exercises : Change each of the following sentences so
that the adverbial is at the beginning of the sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
He had hardly started working when he realized
that he needed to go to the library.
Yani can finish this work by staying up all night.
Class seldom lets out early.
We will be able to accomplish this great task only
by hard work.
We have rarely seen such an effective method to
extract the dyes.
Academic writing
Task 1: describing data, charts, diagrams, processes,
tables

Before you start writing:


Look carefully at the given information
Pay particular attention to any headings/types of measurement
used




E.g. millions, percentage
Write about the most significant changes and differences
Do not copy words and phrases directly from the question –
use your own words
Try not to repeat the same words and phrases
Data presentation types:
Match the labels to the correct illustration
1. Pie chart
4. graph
2. table 3. bar chart/bar graph
5. diagram 6.flowchart
Between static compare
Steady fall
Rise
in
by
peak dramatic
From to
increase
gradual
The graph shows the amount of garbage collected and recycled annually in America (1)
960 and 2005. From 1960 to 1970 the amount of waste being recycled remained fairly
(2) at just about 8%. However, this figure (3) significantly from 1970 to 1990 when it (4)
at approximately 32% of the total waste collected. On the other hand, the amount of
waste being produced increased (5) at around the same time, growing (6)
approximately 40 million tonnes per year (7) 55 million tonnes within five years.
Following this sharp (8) the amount of waste collected has risen (9), while the
percentage of waste being recycled actually (10) from 32% to 26% (11) 1995.
Fortunately, recycling has (12) increased and (13) 2005 it had again reached the same
figure as in 1990. However, this figure is still disappointing (14) to the total amount of
waste that is thrown away.
cross-word
puzzle
Accross:
1. The opposite of microscopic
6. House of electron
7.A shiny substance that conduct
electricity
9. ….mulator (Current collector)
10. One of the atomic theory
11. Heavy metal
12. Phase of water as an ice block
Down:
2. One of acid definition theory
3. What you feel if you touch the
flask of endothermic reaction
5.Chemically bonded of two or
more elements
8 & 4.oil loving
9. Solution with pH < 7
10. Material data sheet
(abbreviation)
11. Cyanide anion
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